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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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assertiveness training
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the act of teaching clients how to appropriately relate to others using frank, honest, and direct expressions, whether these are positive or negative in nature
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aversion therapy
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any technique of behavior modification that uses unpleasant stimuli in a controlled fashion to alter behavior in a therapeutic way
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behavioral therapy
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direct active treatment that recognizes the primacy of behavior, acknowledges the role of learning and includes thorough assessment and evaluation. focus is on the presenting problem (symptom that is causing the client great distress). aim is to unlearn maladaptive behaviors.
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biofeedback
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a system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension
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bisexuality
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a tendency to direct sexual desire toward people of both sexes
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client-centered therapy
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HUMANISTIC-EXPERIENTIAL THERAPY. AKA PERSON-CENTERED THERAPY. Developed by Carl Rogers (1940s & 50s). Goal is to help clients become able to accept and be themselves. 6 neccesary conditions for effectiveness: 1. Therapist-Client Psychological Contact: a relationship between client and therapist must exist, and it must be a relationship in which each person's perception of the other is important. 2. Client incongruence, or Vulnerability: that incongruence exists between the client's experience and awareness. Furthermore, the client is vulnerable to anxiety which motivates them to stay in the relationship. 3. Therapist Congruence, or Genuineness: the therapist is congruent within the therapeutic relationship. The therapist is deeply involved his or herself - they are not "acting" - and they can draw on their own experiences (self-disclosure) to facilitate the relationship. 4. Therapist Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR): the therapist accepts the client unconditionally, without judgment, disapproval or approval. This facilitates increased self-regard in the client, as they can begin to become aware of experiences in which their view of self-worth was distorted by others. 5. Therapist Empathic understanding: the therapist experiences an empathic understanding of the client's internal frame of reference. Accurate empathy on the part of the therapist helps the client believe the therapist's unconditional love for them. 6. Client Perception: that the client perceives, to at least a minimal degree, the therapist's UPR and empathic understanding.
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cognitive-behavioral therapy
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either cognitive or behavioral therapies (or a combination of the two) with two main themes: the conviction that cognitive processes influence emotion, motivation and behavior and (2) the use of cognitive and behavior-change techniques in a pragmatic (hypothesis-testing) manner.
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dyspareunia
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recurrent and persistent genital pain associated with sexual intercourse in either a male or a female
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exhibitionism
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a paraphilia in which persons have repeated sexually arousing urges or fantasies about exposing their genitals to another person, and may act upon those urges. legal term is indecent exposure. ussually develops in adolescence or your adulthood. MOst common sexual offense reported to police.
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existential psychotherapy
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tktktk
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female sexual arousal disorder
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fetishism
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flooding
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a technique used in behavior therapy
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free association
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in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing. Freud believe that associations were determined just like other events. purpose is to explore the contents of the preconscious.
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gender identity disorder
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in DSM-IV-TR characterized by 2 components: 1) a storng and persistent cross-gender identification—the desire to be, or insistence that one is the opposite sex.— and 2) gender dysphoria—persistent discomfort about one's biological sex or the sense that the gender role of that sex is inappropriate.
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gestalt therapy
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outgrowth of Fritz Perls work; insight therapy; emphasizes the wholeness of personality and attempts to reawaken people to their emotions and sensations; works in the here-and-now; encourages face-to-face confrontations (e.g. "How is that working for you?"); therapist is active and directive; focuses on the whole person/client; uses empty chair technique
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homosexuality
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a sexual attraction to (or sexual relations with) persons of the same sex
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humanistic-experiential therapy
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group of therapies that emerged after WWII. focus on psychopathology stemming in many cases from problems of alienation, depersonalization, loneliness and failure to find meaning and genuine fulfillment. based on assumption that we have the freedom and responsibility to control our own behavior, that we can reflect on our problems, make choices and take positive action. central focus on expanding clients "awareness". therapist is guide.
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female orgasmic disorder
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persistent recurrent difficulty, delay in, or absence of attaining orgasm following sufficient sexual stimulation and arousal
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incest
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Culturally prohibited sexual relations (up to and including coitus) between family members such as brother and sister or a parent and child.
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male erectile disorder
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persistent difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection sufficient to allow the man to engage in or complete sexual intercourse.
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manifest & latent content
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In analysis of dreams the 2 kinds of content: 1) manifest is the dream as it appears to the dreamer. and 2) latent content is the actual motives that are seeking expression but that are so painful or unacceptable they they are disguised.
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masochism
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a paraphilia in which sexual urges, fantasies, or acts are associated with being humilated, bound, or made to suffer. Term is derived from Austrian novelist Leopold V. Sacher-Masoch (1836-1895) whose fictional characters "dwelt lovingly on the sexual pleasure of pain."
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modeling
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BEHAVIORAL THERAPY. Client learns new skills by imitating another person such as a parent or therapist
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paraphilias
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recurrent, intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behavior that involve a) non-human objects b) suffering or humiliation of oneself or one's partner or c) children or other non-consenting persons that occur over a period of at least 6 months
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pedophilia
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deriving sexual arousal and pleasure from touching or having sexual relations with prepubescent (normally mature) children, or fantasizing about such contact
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premature ejaculation
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persistent or recurrent ejaculation with minimal sexual stimulation before, on, or shortly after penetration and before the person wishes it. Clinician takes into account person's age, novelty of sexual partner, or situation and recent frequency of sexual activity.
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psychodynamic therapy
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treatment approach that focuses on individual personality dynamics usually from psychoanalitic or deriviative perspective.
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psychotherapy
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the treatment of mental or emotional problems by psychological means
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rape
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the crime of forcing a woman to submit to sexual intercourse against her will
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rational emotive behavioral therapy
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Formerly called rational emotive therapy. one of the earliest developed cbt., Albert Ellis'—REBT 1 stresses thinking, judging, deciding, analyzing, and doing 2 Assumes that cognitions, emotions, and behaviors interact and have a reciprocal cause-and-effect relationship 3 highly didactic, very directive, and concerned as much with thinking as with feeling 4 Teaches that our emotions stem mainly from our beliefs, evaluations, interpretations, and reactions to life situations
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resistance
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in psychoanlysis, an unwillingness or inability to talk about certain thoughts, motives or experiences.
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response shaping
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BEHAVIORAL THERAPY. positive reinforcement is often used to establish by gradual approximation, a response that is actively resisted or is not initially in an individuals behavioral repertoire. Uses token economies.
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sadism
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form of paraphilia in which sexually arousing urges, fantasies or acts are associated with inflicting physical or psychological suffering on others. term derived from the name of the the marquis de Sade (1740-1814) who inflicted such pain on his victims for sexual purposes he was eventually commited as insane.
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sexual aversion disorder
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Condition in which a person actively avoids sexual activities and experiences sex as unpleasant or anxiety-provoking. more severe than hypoactive sexual desire disorder.
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sexual dysfunction
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Impairment either in the desire for sexual gratification or in the ability to achieve it. Affects both parties in a relationship regardless of who has the disorder. vary in degree. can occur in any of the first 3 (of 4) phases of human sexual response (desire phase, excitement phase, orgasm) but not resolution (the final phase)
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structural family therapy
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treatment in which therapists deeply involve themselves in family activities to change how family members arrange and organize interatctions. very effective in treatment of anorexia nervosa.
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systematic desensitization
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a technique used in behavior therapy to treat phobias and other behavior problems involving anxiety
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transference
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(psychoanalysis) the process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another
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transvestic fetishism
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Heterosexual men who wear women's clothes for sexually arousing purposes
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vaginismus
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recurrent and persistent involuntary spasm of the musculature of the outer third of vagina that interferes with sexual intercourse
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voyeurism
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sexual excitement is achieved by observing unsuspecting people who are naked, undressing, or engaging in sexual activity
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