Abnormal - Dos First Diagnosed In Infancy, Childhood, Or Adolescence

Front 1

What IQ level is Mild Mental Retardation?

Back 1

50-55 to 70

Front 2

What IQ level is Mod Mental Retardation?

Back 2

35-40 to 50-55

Front 3

What IQ level is Severe Mental Retardation?

Back 3

20-25 to 35-40

Front 4

What IQ level is Profound Mental Retardation?

Back 4

below 20-25

Front 5

What is the greatest cause of MR?

Back 5

Early alterations of embryonic development.

Front 6

In one study, using early stimulation and training, what proportion of MR children moved into the mildly retarded range?

Back 6

1/3

Front 7

What % of MR is due to early alterations of embryonic dvpt?

Back 7

30%

Front 8

How many diagnostic categories are there on the DSM-IV?

Back 8

16

Front 9

What are the 3 diagnostic criteria for MR?

Back 9

1) Significantly subaverage intellectual functioning (IQ score of approx. 70 or below)
2) Concurrent deficits or impairments in adapative functioning in at least 2 areas
3) Onset prior to age 18

Front 10

What % of MR is due to heredity?

Back 10

5%

Front 11

What % of MR is due to pregnancy and perinatal probs?

Back 11

10%

Front 12

What % of MR is due to environmtal factors and other mental DOs?

Back 12

15 to 20%

Front 13

Using early stimulation and training, what % of children with MR in one study had IQ scores that were raised to 70 and above?

Back 13

5%

Front 14

What % of MR is due to general medical conditions during infancy or childhood?

Back 14

5%

Front 15

Etiology of MR is unknown in _____ of cases?

Back 15

30 to 40%

Front 16

What are 3 examples of heredity implicated in MR?

Back 16

Tay-Sachs
Fragile X syndrome
PKU

Front 17

What are 2 early alterations of embryonic dvpt implicated in MR?

Back 17

Down Syndrome
Damage due to toxins

Front 18

What are 3 pregnancy and perinatal problems implicated in MR?

Back 18

Fetal malnutrition
Anoxia
HIV

Front 19

What are 3 general medical conditions during infancy or childhood implicated in MR?

Back 19

Lead poisoning
Encephalitis
Malnutrition

Front 20

What environmental factors and other mental DOs are implicated in MR?

Back 20

Deprivation of nurturance or stimulation

Front 21

What percentage of MR is due to Down Syndrome?

Back 21

10 to 30%

Front 22

What level of MR is caused by PKU?

Back 22

Mod to profound

Front 23

What level of MR is caused by Down Syndrome?

Back 23

Mod to severe

Front 24

What IQ level is Borderline Intellectual Functioning?

Back 24

71 to 84

Front 25

If there are substantial deficits in adapative functioning, what IQ level could a person with MR have?

Back 25

71 to 75

Front 26

What is the range of IQ scores that ppl w/ Learning DOs typically have?

Back 26

Average to Above Average range

Front 27

What is the most frequent comorbid DO for those with Learning DO?

Back 27

ADHD

Front 28

What % of those with Learning DO have ADHD?

Back 28

20 to 25%

Front 29

How much worse is the school dropout rate for adolescents w/ Learning DOs?

Back 29

1.5 times average

Front 30

At what age does stuttering typically begin?

Back 30

2 to 7

Front 31

How much more common is stuttering in males than females?

Back 31

3 times

Front 32

In what % of cases does stuttering remit spontaneously by the time the child is 16?

Back 32

60%

Front 33

How many characteristic symptoms are req'd for dx of Autistic DO? Name the categories.

Back 33

6 characteristic sxs
i.e., 2 from category 1 (impairmt in social interaction)
1 from category 2 (impairment in commun.)
1 from category 3 (restricted, repetitive, stereotyped beh, ints, and activities)

Front 34

At what age does autism develop?

Back 34

Before age 3

Front 35

What proportion of autistic individuals remain mute throughout their lives?

Back 35

1/2

Front 36

What % of people with Autistic DO are mentally retarded?

Back 36

75%

Front 37

Autism is _____ times more common in males than females.

Back 37

4 to 5

Front 38

What proportion of autistic individuals achieve some degree of partial independence as adults?

Back 38

1/3

Front 39

Name the 3 factors associated with best outcome for autistic indivs.

Back 39

1) ability to commun. verbally by age 5 or 6
2) IQ over 70
3) later onset of sxs

Front 40

What % of autistic indivs have EEG abnormalities?

Back 40

40 to 65%

Front 41

What % of autistic indivs have epilepsy?

Back 41

20 to 35%

Front 42

Which NTs are found to be at an abnormal level in autistic indivs?

Back 42

5HT
NE
DA

Front 43

Elevated 5HT levels have been found in _____% of people with autism.

Back 43

40%

Front 44

The rate of Autistic DO is ___ times higher in siblings.

Back 44

50 to 100

Front 45

What are the 4 dxic criteria for ADHD?

Back 45

1) Onset of sxs prior to age 7
2) Persistence of sxs for at least 6 months
3) Some deg of impairment in at lest 2 settings
4) Presence of at least 6 characteristic sxs of inattn or hyperactivity-impulsivity

Front 46

What does ADHD combined type require?

Back 46

6 or more symptoms of inattention AND 6 or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity

Front 47

What proportion of ADHD children have academic difficulties?

Back 47

Nearly all

Front 48

What % of those with ADHD have reading or other learning disabilities?

Back 48

25 to 30%

Front 49

What proportion of those with ADHD have probs related to social adjmt?

Back 49

Most

Front 50

ADHD is ______ times more common in boys than girls.

Back 50

2 to 9

Front 51

A more equal gender ratio is found among ADHD people with which type of ADHD?

Back 51

Predominantly Inattentive Type

Front 52

The rates of ADHD in adult males and females is _____

Back 52

Equal

Front 53

What % of children continue to have symptoms of ADHD as adults?

Back 53

Up to 60%

Front 54

Etiology of ADHD? Name 3.

Back 54

1) genetic component
2) brain abnormalities
3) Behavioral disinhibition hypothesis

Front 55

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) and other CNS stimulants have beneficial effects on ADHD's core sxs in about ____% of cases.

Back 55

75%

Front 56

Motor and vocal tics and other movement abnormalities have been observed in _____% of hyperactive children taking stimulant drugs compared to ____% of children taking a placebo.

Back 56

30 to 70%; 20%

Front 57

The dx of Conduct DO requires how many symptoms over the course of what time?

Back 57

The presence of at least 3 characteristic symptoms during the past 12 months.

Front 58

Childhood-Onset Type of Conduct DO is dxed at what age?

Back 58

Prior to age 10

Front 59

Adolescent-Onset Type of Conduct DO is dxed at what age?

Back 59

10 or later

Front 60

What is a common co-diagnosis of ADHD?

Back 60

Conduct DO

Front 61

What are common co-diagnoses of Conduct DO?

Back 61

ADHD
Learning DO
Anxiety DO
Mood DO

Front 62

What is a common precursor to Childhood-Onset Type Conduct DO?

Back 62

ODD

Front 63

The "life-course-persistent" type of Conduct DO is apparent by age ____.

Back 63

Age 3

Front 64

What are the rates of ODD in males and females?

Back 64

Prior to puberty - more common in males
Thereafter - about equal.

Front 65

How long must a person with Pica show persistent eating of nonnutritive substances without an aversion to food?

Back 65

1 month

Front 66

When is the onset of pica most likely to be?

Back 66

Between 12 and 24 months.

Front 67

Pica is frequently associated with ____.

Back 67

MR

Front 68

Pica is sometimes found in what population?

Back 68

Pregnant women.

Front 69

What is the essential feature of Tourette's DO?

Back 69

Presence of at least 1 vocal tic and multiple motor tics that may appear simultaneously or at diff times.

Front 70

What age must tics appear for dx of Tourette's?

Back 70

Prior to age 18

Front 71

What is the most common associated sx of Tourette's DO?

Back 71

Obsessions and compulsions.

Front 72

What are other associated probs in those with Tourette's?

Back 72

Hyperactivity, impulsivity, and distractibility.

Front 73

Antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol and pimozide) are effective in ____% of cases of Tourette's.

Back 73

80%

Front 74

What is the essential feature of enuresis?

Back 74

Repeated voiding of urine during the day or night into the bed or clothes at least twice a week for 3 or more months.

Front 75

At what age is enuresis diagnosed?

Back 75

When indiv has reached expected dvptal level or age when continence is expected and not due to GMC or use of substance (usually 5).

Front 76

What is the essential feature of encopresis?

Back 76

Repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places.

Front 77

At what age is encopresis diagnosed?

Back 77

Child must be chronological (or mental) age of at least 4 years.

Front 78

The night alarm has been found effective for enuresis in ____% of cases.

Back 78

80%

Front 79

What proportion of children exhibit some degree of relapse w/in 6 months of initial tx for enuresis?

Back 79

1/3

Front 80

Imipramine reduces wetting frequency in ____% of enuresis cases.

Back 80

85%

Front 81

Imipramine suppresses wetting entirely in ____% of cases of enuresis.

Back 81

30%

Front 82

What proportion of enuretic children relapse within 3 months after discontinuing Imipramine?

Back 82

Most children.

Front 83

Separation Anxiety DO's disturbance must last how long?

Back 83

At least 4 weeks.

Front 84

When is onset of symptoms of Separation Anxiety DO?

Back 84

Before age 18.

Front 85

How many characteristic behaviors must be present in Separation Anxiety DO?

Back 85

3

Front 86

What ages does school refusal typically appear?

Back 86

5 to 7 years
11 to 12 years
14 years or older

Front 87

What is the essential feature of Separation Anxiety DO?

Back 87

Dvptally inappropriate, excessive anxiety related to sepn from home or attachmt figures.

Front 88

What is the essential feature of Reactive Attachment DO?

Back 88

Markedly disturbed and dvptally inapprop. social relatedness in most settings.

Front 89

At what age must Reactive Attachment DO begin?

Back 89

Prior to age 5

Front 90

Diagnosis of Reactive Attachment DO requires evidence of _______.

Back 90

Pathogenic care.