Abnormal Psychology Disorders Of Childhood & Adolescence

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Asperger's Disorder

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Severe and sustained childhood impairment in social relationships and peculiar behaviors, but without the language delays seen in autism.

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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Disorder of childhood characterized by dificulties that interfere with task-oriented behavior, such as impulsivity, excessive motor activity, and difficulties in sustaining attention.

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Autism

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Pervasive developmental disorder beginning in infancy and involving a wide range of problematic behaviors, including deficits in language, perception, and motor development; defective reality testing; and social withdrawal.

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Bipolar Disorder

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Mood disorder in which a person experiences both manic and depressive episodes.

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Conduct Disorder

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Childhood and adolescent disorder that can appear by age 9 and are marked by persistent acts of aggressive or anti-social behavior that may or may not be against the law.

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Developmental Psychopathology

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Field of psychology that focuses on determining what is abnormal at any point in the developmental process by comparing and contrasting it with normal and expected changes that occur.

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Down Syndrome

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Form of moderate to severe mental retardation associated with a chromosomal abnormality and typically accompanied by characterstic physical features.

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Dyslexia

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Impairment of the ability to read.

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Echolalia

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Parrot-like repetition of a few words or phrases.

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Encopresis

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Disorder in children that have not learned appropriate toileting for bowel movements after age 4.

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Enuresis

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Bed wetting; involuntary discharge of urine after the age of expected continence (age 5).

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Hydrocephaly

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Relatively rare condition in which the accumulation of an abnormal amount of cerbrospinal fluid within the cranium causes damage to the brain tissues and enlargement of the skull.

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Juvenile Delinquency

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Legal term used to refer to illegal acts committed by minors.

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Learning Disorders

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The retardation, disorder, or delayed development that may be manifested in language, speech, mathematical, or motor skills and is not due to any reliably demonstrable physical or neurolgical defect.

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Macrocephaly

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Rare type of mental retardation characterized by an increase in the size and weight of the brain, enlargement of the skull, visual impairment, convulsions, and other neurological symptoms resulting from abnormal growth of glial cells that form the supporting structure for brain tissue.

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Mainstreaming

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Pacement of mentally retarded children in regular school classrooms for all or part of the day.

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Mental Retardation

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Significant subaverage general intellectual functioning that is accompanied by significant limitations in adaptive functioning and is obvious during the developmental period.

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Microcephaly

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Type of mental retardation resulting from impaired development of the brain and a consequent failure of the cranium to attain normal size.

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Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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Childhood disorder that appears by age 6 and is characterized by persistent acts of aggressive or antisocial behavior that may or may not be against the law.

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Learning Disabled

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Term used to describe children who exhibit deficits in academic skills.

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Pemoline

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A medication used to treat ADHD that exerts beneficial effects on classroom behavior by enhancing cognitive processing but has fewer adverse side effects than older drugs.

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Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs)

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Severely disabling conditions marked by deficits in language, perceptual, and motor development; defective reality testing; and inability to function in social situations.

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Phenylketonuria (PKU)

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Type of mental retardation resulting from a baby's lack of a liver enzyme needed to break down phenylalanine, an amino acid found in many foods.

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Ritalin

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Central nervous system stimulant often used to treat ADHD.

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Selective Mutism

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Condition that involves the persistent failure to speak in specific social situations and interferes with educational or social adjustment.

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Separation Anxiety Disorder

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Childhood disorder characterized by unrealistic fears, oversensitivity, self-consciousness, nightmares, and chronic anxiety.

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Sleepwalking Disorder

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Disorder of childhood that involves repeated episodes of leaving the bed and walking around without being conscious of the experience or remembering it later. Also known as somnambulism.

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Strattera

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A recent FDA approved nonstimulant medication that reduces the symptoms of ADHD. It is a noncontrolled substance.

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Tic

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Persistent, intermittent muscle twitch or spasm, usually limited to a localized muscle group, often of the facial muscles.

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Tourette's Disorder

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Extreme tic disorder involving uncontrollable multiple motor and vocal patterns.