Abnormal Child Psychology Exam 1

Front 1

Know procedures for clinical intakes.

Back 1

Clinical intake includes the assessment, which begins with the intake interview. This interview, unlike ordinary conversation, is formally arranged, purposeful, focueses on gathering information and interaction, and utilizes defined roles of the clinician and the patient. Projective, intellectual, or educational tests may be given, behavior is observed, and information is gathered through self-reporting of the patient.

Front 2

Know and be able to describe different types of therapies.

Back 2

Types of treatment include insight, behavior, and biomedical. Insight therapies include (1) psychoanalysis, which emphasizes the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses, (2) client-centered therapy, which utilizes a supportive emotional climate in which the client determines the pace and direction of treatment, (3) Cognitive therapy, which emphasizes recognizing and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs, employing goals and technique, and (4) Group therapy, whcih uses the advantages of sharing in a group of people undergoing similar problems and difficulties. Behavior therapy operates according to the ideas of Behaviorism; that behavior is learned, and methods to unlearn maladaptive behavior, such as systematic desensitizationm or aversion therapy. Biomedical therapy employs treatment throught the use of drugs.

Front 3

Know similarities and differences of clinical psychologists, counseling psychologists, and psychiatrists.

Back 3

Psychologists have earned either a PhD (Doctorate of Philosophy), who have done both applied work and research, or a PsyD (Doctorate of Psychology) and only have to do applied work in doctoral school. While a clinical psychologist deals with pathology and more long term, possibly genetic problems such as bipolar disorder, dysthymia, and schizophrenia, a counseling psychologist deals with more short-term issues like marriage and family therapy, marriage counseling, anxiety disorders, depression, PTSD, or things that can be cured in 6-8 sessions. A psychiatrist is a Medical Doctor (MD) who has completed medical school with a specialization in psychiatry, and can prescribe medication.

Front 4

Know about psychoanalysis.

Back 4

Psychoanalysis is a type of insight therapy which emphasizes the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses. Key components of psychoanalysis are probing the unconscious, perhaps through free assocation or dream interpretation, interpretation through explaining inner significance of thoughts, feelings, memories, and behaviors, resistance, and transference.

Front 5

Know Steps of scientific method and be able to describe them (as presented in video in class)

Back 5

The scientific method is an empirical approach to understanding phenomena. It involves systematic formulation, observation and measurement, and interpretation of findings.

Front 6

Know about experimental and correlational research.

Back 6

Experimental research looks for causes between variables. Experimental research is a research method in which one variable is manipulated and then observations are made to see if changes occur in a second variable. The independent variable is a condition or event that is altered, while the dependent variable is thoguht to be affected by the manipulation of the independent variable. The experimental group is altered, and the control group is not. Experimental research allows for conclusions to be drawn about cause and effect relationships; however, sometimes, experimental research is inappropriate due to ethical or practical issues. Correlational research simply looks for links between variables. Correlational research is a research method that studies the degree and direction of relatedness between variables, and cannot attribute cause and effect. Correlational research may be doen throguh naturalistic observation, case studies, and surveys. A positive correlation denotes that as one cariable moves in a direction, the second moves in the same direction along with it, while negative correlation denotes variables moving in opposing directions.

Front 7

Know about different developmental influences on behavior.

Back 7

Multicausality refers to the idea that numerous factors have an effect in the child development and the development and abnormal behavior. Different developmental influences on behavior include prenatal (before birth; may include teratogens, mother's health, etc.), perinatal, influences after bith and later on, and genetic influences.

Front 8

Know about classical and operant conditioning (positive and negative punishment and reinforcement).

Back 8

Classical conditioning is a form of learnign, also referred to as Pavlovian conditioning. An individual comes to respond to a stimulus that did not previously elicit a response. Classical conditioning occurs when a conditioned stimulus is paired with another stimulus that does elicit the desired response. When this response is elicited by the conditioned stimulus alone it is called a conditioned response. Operant learning is learning in which responses are acquired, maintained, or eliminated as a result of the consequences (e.g., reinforcement, punishment) and other learning processes.

Front 9

Know about observational learning theory.

Back 9

Observational learning is a fundamental way through which individuals change as a result of their experiences. A wide variety of behaviors can be acquired by observing others perform them. Observational learning can lead to both the acquisitino and the removal of problem behaviors. Children are more likely to display similar behaviors to a model if the model has been reinforced for the behavior. Observational learning can also generalize; for example, a child who views another child being scolded for shouting may become quit and inhibited in other ways. Observational learning places emphasis on cognitive processes.