Abeka Grade 10 Biology Test 11

Front 1

What stage of mitosis is illustrated in the figure?

Back 1

anaphase

Front 2

The skeleton of a cell is largely composed of these hollow, rodlike girders called ____.

Back 2

microtubules

Front 3

Clams, snails, octopuses, and nautiluses are ____.

Back 3

mollusks

Front 4

The type of endoplasmic reticulum that is involved in protein manufacture ____ ER.

Back 4

rough

Front 5

A ____ consists of stacks of flattened, membrane-enclosed compartments and is the shipping center of a cell.

Back 5

Golgi apparatus

Front 6

Microscopic multicellular invertebrates named for the rotating appearance of the cilia on their front ends are ____.

Back 6

rotifers

Front 7

Euglenas, amoebas, and paramecia are ____.

Back 7

protozoa

Front 8

Animals characterized by spiny skin and radial symmetry are ____.

Back 8

echinoderms

Front 9

Jellyfish, sea anemones, and hydra are ____.

Back 9

coelenterates

Front 10

Planarians, flukes, and tapeworms are ____.

Back 10

flatworms

Front 11

Earthworms, sea worms, and leeches are ____.

Back 11

segmented worms

Front 12

What sausage-shaped organelles are the "power plants" of a cell?

Back 12

mitochondria

Front 13

The ____ states that all living things are composed of cells and cell products and that all cells come from preexisting cells.

Back 13

cell theory

Front 14

A precious stone formed by an oyster in reaction to an irritating particle is a ____.

Back 14

pearl

Front 15

The fluid medium of a cell is the ____.

Back 15

cytoplasm

Front 16

The process by which old, worn-out cells self-destruct is called ____.

Back 16

apoptosis

Front 17

The coelenterates that live together in colonies and form vast reefs of limestone are the ____.

Back 17

corals

Front 18

The beltlike or file-like scraping organ in the mouth of a snail or slug is its ____.

Back 18

radula

Front 19

The outer skin like covering of a mollusk that secretes the shell is the ____.

Back 19

mantle

Front 20

The rigid, boxlike structure outside the cell membrane of plant cells that provides support and protection is the ____.

Back 20

cell wall

Front 21

only cephalopod with an external shell

Back 21

nautilus

Front 22

colorful marine slug with exposed gills

Back 22

nudibranch

Front 23

protozoan that uses pseudopods to move and engulf prey

Back 23

amoeba

Front 24

cephalopod with eight arms

Back 24

octopus

Front 25

protozoan that possesses a flagellum, chloroplasts, and an eyespot

Back 25

euglena

Front 26

ciliated protozoan that appears slipper-shaped under a microscope

Back 26

paramecium

Front 27

The stage of the cell cycle between cell divisions is ____.

Back 27

interphase

Front 28

The special phosphate molecule that serves as the energy carrier of the cell is____.

Back 28

ATP

Front 29

In what process where a cell engulf a solid particle by surrounding it with the cell membrane?

Back 29

phagocytosis

Front 30

Which group of invertebrates characterized by a muscular foot, a visceral hump, and a mantle?

Back 30

mollusks

Front 31

What are the bristles found on each body segment of an earthworm?

Back 31

setae

Front 32

What molecules that make up the cell membrane?

Back 32

phospholipids

Front 33

What group includes snails, slugs, conchs, and nudibranchs?

Back 33

gastropods

Front 34

What sessile animals characterized by spicules, incurrent pores, an osculum, and no nervous system?

Back 34

sponges

Front 35

What disease is NOT caused by a protozoa?

Back 35

trichinosis

Front 36

What are sessile protozoa called?

Back 36

sporozoans

Front 37

What are the only animals with a water-vascular system?

Back 37

echinoderms

Front 38

What stage of mitosis is illustrated in the figure below?

Back 38

anaphase

Front 39

Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the structure and reactions of carbon-containing compounds. why would this branch of chemistry be described as "organic", which comes from the same Greek word as the word "organism"?

Back 39

Most of the chemicals that make up living things contain carbon.

Front 40

What BEST explains why serious infections by parasitic worms are rare in industrialized nations?

Back 40

Proper sanitation prevents the spread of parasitic worms.

Front 41

Octopuses, squid, and nautiluses are ____.

Back 41

cephalopods

Front 42

The free-swimming, umbrella-shaped form of a coelenterate is a ____.

Back 42

medusa

Front 43

Facilitated diffusion is a form of ____ transport.

Back 43

passive

Front 44

The process through which living cells produce energy by combining food with oxygen is ____.

Back 44

cellular respiration

Front 45

The master program of a cell is encoded in the molecules of ____.

Back 45

DNA

Front 46

The distinct region within the nucleus that manufactures ribosomes is the _____.

Back 46

nucleolus

Front 47

A large, moveable, whiplike tail that extends from a cell and allows it to swim is a _____.

Back 47

flagellum

Front 48

Clams, oysters, and scallops are ____.

Back 48

bivalves

Front 49

ESSAY:

Contrast cellular respiration and fermentation and explain which process is more efficient.

Why do your body's cells use fermentation during intense exercise?

Back 49

In cellular respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen to produce ATP. Glycolysis, the first step of cellular respiration, takes place in the cytoplasm and produces the chemical pyruvate and a small amount of ATP. Glycolysis can take place in the absence of oxygen. The remainder of cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria, where the pyruvate from glycolysis is reacted with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and more ATP.
In fermentation, glucose reacts in the absence of oxygen to produce ATP. Fermentation involves glycolysis (the first step of cellular respiration) but converts the pyruvate into alcohol or lactic acid instead of reacting it with oxygen. Fermentation takes place entirely in the cytoplasm.
Cellular respiration is the more efficient process because it produces much more ATP from each glucose molecule than does fermentation.
The body's cells use fermentation during intense exercise because their oxygen supply is limited. Because there is not enough oxygen available to produce the large amounts of ATP required through cellular respiration, the cells will make up the difference by producing ATP through fermentation.