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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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One-Dimensional Models
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-Explain behavior in terms of a single cause
-Could mean a paradigm, school, or conceptual approach -Tendency to ignore information from other areas |
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Multidimensional Models
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-Interdisciplinary, eclectic, and integrative
-“System” of influences that cause and maintain suffering -Draws upon information from several sources -Abnormal behavior is multiply determined |
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influences on multidimensional models of abnormal behavior
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-Biological
-Behavioral -Emotional -Social & Cultural -Developmental |
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nature of genes
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-Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) – The double helix
-23 pairs of chromosomes -Dominant vs. recessive genes -Development and behavior is often polygenetic(no one gene is responsible, more than one players involved) |
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diathesis stress model
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-diathesis= genetic vulnerability
- stress is related to environment or life events -ex: alcoholism |
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Reciprocal Gene-Environment Model
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-genetic vulnerability causes you to do things that cause you more stress
-ex: depression, impulsivity |
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Non-Genomic Inheritance of Behavior
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-Genes are not the whole story
-Environmental influences may override genetics -ex: overcritical parent -cross fostering studies: genetically anxious mice given to non-anxious mom results in non-anxious mouse....non-anxious mouse given to anxious mom becomes anxious -in other words learning can override some of our genetic disposition |
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CNS
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brain and spinal cord
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PNS
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-somatic NS: voluntary muscles
-autonomic NS: involuntary muscles...divided into sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (grid) |
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HYPAC axis
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most promising area for explaining depression and anxiety
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neurotransmiters
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-chemical messengers
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neurotransmitter reuptake
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-neurotransmitter released, interacts with receptor to excite next neuron, comes off of receptor (still in synapse), goes back into axon terminal it came out of to be recycled
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SSRI
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selective seroternergic reuptake inhibitors
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hindbrain
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-medulla: heart rate, breathing, bp
-pons: sleep stages -cerebellum: physical coordination, balance |
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midbrain
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-coordinates movement with sensory input
-Contains parts of the reticular activating system (RAS) |
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Forebrain (Cerebral Cortex)
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-Most sensory, emotional, and cognitive processing
-Two specialized hemispheres |
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Lobes of Cerebral Cortex
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-Frontal – Thinking and reasoning abilities, memory, planning,
-Parietal – Touch recognition -Occipital – Integrates visual input -Temporal – Recognition of sights and sounds, long-term memory storage |
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limbic system
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-emotional part of brain
-thalamus: receives and intergrates sensory info -hypothalamus: eating, drinking, aggression, sexual activity -remember HYPAC axis |
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The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenalcortical Axis (HYPAC axis)
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-Integration of endocrine and nervous system function
-cortisol (stress hormone) is secreted, too much cortisol leads to maladaptive behavior such as anxiety disorders andd depression. Dexamethasone suppression tests |
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Functions of Neurotransmitters
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-Agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists
-Most drugs are either agnostic(increases the effects of the neurotransmitter on the nervous system) or antagonistic(inhibiting effects of neurotransmitter) |
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Serotonin (5HT)
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-low levels are correlated to depression and in...ssri’s...agonistic
-type of neurotransmitter |
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Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
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-associated with anxiety...referred to as bodies zanex (benzodiazepines)...agonistic
-type of neurotransmitter |
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Norepinephrine
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-associated with depression...tryciclic anitdepressants, imipramine
-type of neurotransmitter |
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Dopamine
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-associated with schizophrenia (too much dopamine), and addiction...considered the pleasure neurotransmitter...anitpsychotic drugs lower levels of dopamine...antagonistic
-type of neurotransmitter |
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Social Learning
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Modeling and observational learning, vicarious learning, informed learning
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Prepared learning
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-we are more prepared to be afraid of different things because of evolution/genetically transmitted...being afraid of snakes naturally and staying away from them.
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The Nature of Emotion
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-To elicit or evoke action
-Action tendency different from affect and mood -Intimately tied with several forms of psychopathology |
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Components of Emotion
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-Behavior, physiology, and cognition
-Example of fear |
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social support
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good predictor of outcome
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