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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When communicating with a patient whose cultural background differs from the paramedics, it is MOST important for the paramedic to?
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treat the patient with utmost respect at all times
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An endogenous ligand is?
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a molecule that is produced by the body and binds to a receptor
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At 2 months of age, an infant should be able to?
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track objects with his or her eyes
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* If a patient sees you as someone with whom it is safe to be, who does not pose a threat, and who honestly cares, then he or she will most likely?
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be reassured that you will handle the crisis
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by?
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enlargement or thickening of the heart muscle
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Muscle cramps and paresthesias in a malnourished patient with alcoholism are most likely the result of?
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hypocalcemia
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Regardless of what a patient asks, the paramedic should?
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immediately acknowledge what the patient asked
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Which of the following statements regarding growth spurts in adolescents is most correct?
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boys generally experience this stage of growth later in life than girls do
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* Touching a conscious elderly patient in a nursing home without his or her permission?
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is nonverbally communicating, "You are not important enough or mentally competent enough to be asked for permission."
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Which of the following statements regarding renal function in older adults is most correct?
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aging kidneys respond less efficiently to hemodynamic stress
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In contrast to infants, toddlers?
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have a slower respiratory rate
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* Conveying calm, unmistakable, genuine concern for someone you've never met before is the most essential challenge as a/an?
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therapeutic communicator
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Eye-to-eye contact with a patient communicates?
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honesty and concern
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* When cells are hypoxic for more than a few seconds?
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they produce substances that may damage other local or distant body systems
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When touching a patient as a form of reassurance, the paramedic should?
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touch the patient on a neutral part of his or her body
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Teething is commonly accompanied by?
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fever
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If a patient is unable to tell you who he or she is, where he or she is, and what day of the week it is?
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you should suspect decreased blood flow to the brain
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Infants are referred to as belly breathers because?
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they rely mostly on their diaphragm to breathe
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Relative to younger adults, older adults generally have a harder time breathing because the?
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natural elasticity of the lungs decreases
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* A paramedic who looks the part of professional?
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inspires confidence in his or her patients
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The most effective way to reinforce your interest in and concern for your patient is to?
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use a calm and steady tone of reassurance
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* The ___ reflex happens when an infant is startled and opens his or her arms wide?
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moro
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If nonencapsulated bacteria enter the body?
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macrophages begin to destroy them immediately
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Controlling a patient's fear involves?
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using your own sense of competence and professional calm
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Professional skepticism is?
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a useful tool and facilitates sound clinical decision making
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Barotrauma secondary to bag-mask ventilations in an infant means that your ventilations?
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were too forceful
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* Hyperkalemia is most accurately defined as?
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an elevated SERUM potassium level
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Which of the following psychosocial changes is common during adolescence?
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fixation on public image and fear of embarrassment
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Which of the following is not an example of an open-ended question?
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"Does the pain radiate to your arm or jaw?"
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You will distance yourself from your patient as a person if you?
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use complicated medical terminology
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Many ___ believe that touching the head may put their soul in jeopardy.
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Asians
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* Which of the following questions would MOST like reveal a hidden medical condition when communicating with a patient who has a severe headache?
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"What happened the last time you felt this way?"
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Upper respiratory tract infections are more common in toddlers than in infants because?
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of a loss of passive immunity
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* The induction phase of the immune response begins when?
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part of the immune system recognizes an antigen
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A patient's vital signs, ECG findings, and blood glucose reading should be?
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disclosed to the patient if he or she inquires about them
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You would MOST likely see an increased end-tidal CO2 reading in an otherwise healthy older adult because?
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residual volume increases with age, resulting in stagnant air remaining in the alveoli and hampering gas exchange
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For the first year of life, an infant has naturally acquired passive immunities because?
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he or she maintains some of the mother's immunities
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* An injection of immunoglobulin is an example of?
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passive acquired immunity
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Older adults are prone to subdural hematomas because?
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age-related shrinkage of the brain stretches the bridging veins that return blood from the brain to the dura mater
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Just after birth, the ductus arteriosus constricts and closes, resulting in?
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circulation through the pulmonary system
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Which of the following disease processes is more common in women?
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osteoporosis
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* By properly introducing yourself to a patient, you are also saying that?
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you are in charge of the patient's health care, regardless of the indignities of treatment, and that the patient can communicate with you as an equal
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Patients between 41 and 60 years of age are LEAST susceptible to?
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active immunosuppression
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The pulse rate of a 16-year-old adolescent typically ranges between?
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60 and 100 beats/min
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* In decompensated shock, systolic blood pressure is?
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less than the fifth percentile for the age
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It would be MOST appropriate to ask a patient a closed-ended question when?
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you are trying to obtain medical history information
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* The body's rejection of an organ following transplantation is MOST likely the result of?
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isoimmunity
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Which of the following is an example of homeostatic failure?
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salt and water retention and a blood pressure of 170/98 mmHg
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If a patient refuses to talk, and he or she is not exhibiting signs of decreased mental status, it is MOST appropriate for the paramedic to?
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advise the patient that his or her silence will only hamper your ability to determine what is wrong
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* If a parent insists on monitoring your conversation with his or her adolescent son or daughter, you should?
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communicate the situation to the emergency department physician and document it accurately
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An infant's fontanelles are typically fused together by the age of?
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18 months
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Major risk factors for lung cancer include?
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cigarette smoking and exposure to asbestos
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* Endothelial cells that line the inside of blood vessels?
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regulate blood flow and coagulation
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The study of the functioning of an organism in the presence of disease is called?
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pathophysiology
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By definition, infancy begins at?
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1 month of age
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Enlargement of the heart due to chronically elevated blood pressure is called?
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hypertrophy
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It is important to remember that if a patient is not personally sensitive to modesty because of an impaired mental state:
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the patient's family likely will be
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Unlike bacteria, viruses?
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do not produce exotoxins or endotoxins
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Lactated Ringer's is a/an ___ solution because its solute concentration is equal to that of the inside of the cell.
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isotonic
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If you want reliable answers to personal questions, you should?
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manage the scene so you can ask such questions quietly and privately
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* Dehydration is generally a more serious concern in elderly patients than in younger adults because?
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total body water constitutes only 45% of body weight in older people
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A sick or injured patient who is thinking clearly?
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should be able to answer simple questions that make sense within 1 second
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In general, normal psychosocial factors that affect the life of the 35-year-old person include all of the following, EXCEPT:
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anxiety
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* As the smooth muscles of the lower airway weaken with age:
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beta-agonistic bronchodilators become an ineffective treatment for acute bronchospasm
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During the acute inflammatory response:
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transient arteriolar constriction is followed by anteriolar dilation, which allows an influx of blood under increased pressure
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Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus:
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need exogenous insulin to survive
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A patient who overdosed on heroin and is unconscious with slow, shallow respirations would MOST likely experience?
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decreased PaCO2 levels
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* The cardinal sign of overhydration is?
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edema
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Which of the following factors typically does NOT affect the vital signs for a 65-year-old patient?
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living conditions
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* All of the following factors would cause potassium to shift into the cell, EXCEPT:
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increased vagal tone
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If a patient avoids answering a specific question, you should?
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redirect him or her to the question to elicit a response
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When assessing an older adult's pupils and ocular movements, you should recall that?
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it is not uncommon for lens deterioration to cause the pupils to be sluggish to react
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* Common signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis include all of the following, EXCEPT?
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bloating after milk ingestion
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When you ask a patient an uncomplicated question in plain English, and he or she responds with an unnecessarily complicated or inappropriate response, you should consider that the patient is?
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possibly lying due to the stress of the situation
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* At birth, a pulse rate of up to ___ beats/min and a respiratory rate of up to ___ breaths/min are considered normal.
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180, 60
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In most infants, the primary method of communicating distress is?
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crying
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The paramedic is in the BEST position to formulate an appropriate treatment plan for an ill patient if the paramedic?
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is able to identify the etiology of the patient's illness
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Which of the following physical changes occurs in adults over 25 years of age?
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settling of the discs in the spine
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In conventional reasoning, school-age children:
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seek approval from their peers and society
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* Most immunologic diseases that exhibit familial tendencies:
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involve an overactive immune system
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* When functioning at a noisy scene, communication will be MOST effective if you?
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move the patient to the ambulance as soon as you can
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Which of the following vital signs is NOT consistent with that of a child between 1 and 3 years of age?
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heart rate of 80 beats/min
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Edema in an upper extremity following a mastectomy is the result of:
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decreased lymphatic drainage
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The highest form of mental function in a human being is the?
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spontaneous expression of appropriate humor
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Which of the following statements regarding a patient's physical pain is MOST correct?
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a patient should never have to be a patient about any pain that the paramedic can alleviate
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Vascular compromise for changes in blood pressure decreases with age due to?
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reduced elasticity of the peripheral vessels secondary to decreases in elastin and collagen
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If the wife of a critically ill man asks you if her husband is going to die, the MOST appropriate response should be?
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"He is very sick, but we are doing everything we can to help him."
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The term mid-life crisis BEST describes a person who?
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makes a dramatic gesture in a bid to reclaim his or her youth
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* Which of the following statements regarding nervous system function in the older adult is MOST correct?
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cerebral metabolism and oxygen consumption remain constant throughout life
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Patients with congenital prolongation of the Q-T interval are at GREATEST risk for?
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ventricular arrhythmias
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Common health risks associated with obesity include all of the following, EXCEPT:
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hypotension
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Early signs or symptoms of breast cancer include?
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a small, painless lump in the breast
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As a result of the increase in systolic blood pressure associated with aging:
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the left ventricle works harder, becoming thicker, and loses its elasticity
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* Renin is a protein that is released into the bloodstream by the ___ in response to changes in the ___.
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kidneys, blood pressure
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* In what age range can most children begin to use and understand full sentences?
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3 to 4 years
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* What hand gesture is interpreted by many Arabic and some Latin countries as the equivalent of an extended middle finger?
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the thumbs-up sign
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If a patient asks you for advice regarding a treatment decision that his or her physician made, you should?
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advice the patient that he or she should speak with his or her physician
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Gross distortions of reality, withdrawal from social contacts, and bizarre behavior are MOST characteristic of?
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schizophrenia
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When you address a patient by saying, "Hi, my name is Stephen Rahm and I'm a paramedic. What's your name?", the patient:
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must go through a variety of very specific sequence of physical and mental responses that amounts to a mini-mental status examination
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* When communicating with older patients, it is MOST important to remember that:
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their illnesses may be more complex because they have more than one disease process and may be taking several medications concurrently
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