A & P The Cardiovascular System Chapter 27 Module Ii

Front 1

What is the four chambered muscular system lying just left of the midline of the chest?

Back 1

The heart, which is the size of a fist

Front 2

What is the lowest point of the heart?

Back 2

The apex

Front 3

How many linings does the heart have?

Back 3

3

Front 4

What is the middle layer, or heart muscle, and is also the thickest layer?

Back 4

The myocardium

Front 5

What is the innermost lining of the heart?

Back 5

The endocardium

Front 6

What type of muscle is the heart made out of ?

Back 6

Cardiac muscle

Front 7

What nervous system controls the contractions of the heart?

Back 7

Autonomic nervous system

Front 8

What does the dense muscularure of the heart require?

Back 8

A vascular system

Front 9

There are three areas of specialized neuromuscular tissue that initiates and sustains the heartbeat. What are they?

Back 9

The sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, the atrioventricular bundle.

Also known as the bundle of his

Front 10

What is considered the pacemaker of the heart, and is located in the upper wall of the atrium. It is also responsible for intiating the heartbeat.

Back 10

The sinoatrial node

(The SA node)

Front 11

What does the cardiac cycle consist of?

Back 11

All the events that occur during one complete heartbeat

Front 12

On average the heart beats about how many times per minute?

Back 12

About 70

Normal adult heart rates can vary from 60 to 110 beats per minute

Front 13

How many distinct phases does the cardiac cycle have?

Back 13

Four

Front 14

What refers to the contraction phase of the heart?

Back 14

Systole

Front 15

What refers to the relaxation phase of the heart?

Back 15

Diastole

Front 16

Arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, and capillaries are all what?

Back 16

Blood vessels

Front 17

What are the vessels that carry the blood away from the heart?

Back 17

Arteries

Front 18

Where is the radial artery located?

Back 18

In the lateral wrist, just proximal to the thumb

Front 19

Where is the femoral artery located at?

Back 19

In the groin

Front 20

What are thin wall vessels that teansport blood to the heart?

Back 20

Veins

Front 21

What are capillaries?

Back 21

Microscopic blood vessels

Front 22

Why is it easier to to draw blood and administer intravenous medications through veins?

Back 22

Because veins are under less pressure and are more superficial than arteries

Front 23

What is the medical term for the route blood takes from the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary artery and back to the heart via the pulmonary vein?

Back 23

Pulmonary circulation

Front 24

What is systemic circulation?

Back 24

The route blood takes around the body

Front 25

What is defined as the force exerted by the blood against the inner walls of the arteries?

Back 25

Blood pressure

Front 26

Blood pressure is usually measured in what artery?

Back 26

The brachial artery

Front 27

The sphygmomanometer is an insturment that is used tl measure blood pressure using mmHg. What does mmHg stand for?

Back 27

Millimeters of mercury

Front 28

During what contraction is blood pressure at its highest in the arteries? (Also known as systolic blood pressure)

Back 28

Ventricular contraction

Front 29

What is the measurement obtained when the ventricles relax and blood pressure is at its lowest?

Back 29

Diastolic blood pressure

Front 30

The pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. What is considered a normal pulse pressure?

Back 30

30 to 50 points

Front 31

What is the fluid portion of blood?

Back 31

Plasma

Front 32

What is the formatiom of blood cells?

Back 32

Hematopoiesis

Front 33

Where does the formation of blood cells take place?

Back 33

In the bone marrow

Front 34

There are three main types of blood cells. What are they?

Back 34

Erythrocytes-red blood cells

Leukocytes-white blood cells

Platelets-thrombocytes

Front 35

Where are red blood cells(RBCs) produced at?

Back 35

The red bone marrow

Front 36

What is the red, iron containing pigment that has the ability to bind oxygen to itself?

Back 36

Hemoglobin

Front 37

What's the function of hemoglobin?

Back 37

To carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells throughout the body

Front 38

Which blood cells fights off infections? (which is important to maintain homeostasis)

Back 38

Leukocytes aka white blood cells (WBCs)

Front 39

How many types of leukocytes are there?

Back 39

Five types and they are divided into two different categories

Front 40

What are fragements of larger cells that have formed in the red bone marrow?

Back 40

Platelets aka thrombocytes

Front 41

Why are platelets important?

Back 41

Because they control the loss of blood by coagulation(clotting together)

Front 42

What is determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens and antibodies?

Back 42

Blood type

Front 43

What is the condition in which the blood has an abnormally low number of red blood cells?

Back 43

Anemia

Front 44

What affects people of all races, and can be caused by lifestyle factors? (Ex.obesity, unhealthy diet choices, lack of exercise, and stress)

Back 44

Coronary artery disease

Front 45

The risl of developing coronary artery disease(CAD) can be lowered by maintaining a total cholesterol level below what and above what?

Back 45

Below 200 mg/dL

HDL cholesterol(good cholesterol) above 35

Front 46

What is the most common symptom of an myocardial infraction(heart attack)?

Back 46

Angina pectoris aka chest pain

Front 47

Thrombophlebitis (blood clot, typically in the lower extremities)

Is often caused by what?

Back 47

Prolonged inactivity