A & P Of Speech Respritory

Front 1

diaphragm

Back 1

Origin- (where muscle begins) first 3-4 lumbar vertebrae, lower tip of sternum, cartalidge of ribs 7-12
(where muscle begins, attached to none moving object)
Course – upward and toward middle
Insertion – central tendon (top uppermost of the diaphragm is attached to this)
(attached to bone that is moving)
Function – contraction of muscles pulls central tendon downward toward the abdominal cavity

Front 2

Diaphragm

Back 2

primary muscle of inhaliation
dome shaped
quiet inhalation (80-90% of muscle activity)

Front 3

external intercoastals

Back 3

11 pairs
Origin – lower order of each rib (runs between each one of ribs)
Course – down and forward
Insertion – upper border of rib (top of the rib below)
Function – if rib 1 is fixed then they pull ribs closer together and outward
Rib one has to be held by the Clavical and scapula in order for these muscles to work

Front 4

pectoralis major

Back 4

Origin – humerus (upper bone of the arm)
Course- fans out across thorax
Insertion – clavicle and (inferior part connects to) sternum, cartilaginous portion of ribs
Function – elevates ribs 2 - 5

Front 5

pectoralis minor

Back 5

Origin – ant. Scapula
Course – downward and medially
Insertion – ribs 2-5
Function – may act to raise ribs it attaches to, if pectoral girdle is fixed

Front 6

Serratus Anterior

Back 6

Origin – c3-c6
Course – downwards and forwards
Insertion – upper 9 ribs
Function – if scapula is fixed, it can raise first 9 ribs

Front 7

Subclavius (under clavical)

Back 7

Origin – interior surface of clavicle
Course – downward and medially
Insertion – anterior surface of 1st rib
Function – fixator muscle – fixes the 1st rib so external intercostals can pull up on rib cage

Front 8

Levatores Costarum

Back 8

Origin – vertebral column
Course – downward and laternal
Insertion – superior/posterior surface of ribs immediately below the vertebrae they originate from
Function – assists in lifting the ribs

Front 9

Serratus posterior superior

Back 9

High back muscle
Origin – C7 –T3
Course – downward and lateral
Insertion – lower spine and ribs
Function – contraction of muscle elevates ribs 2-5

Front 10

Latissimus Dorsi

Back 10

Origin – humerus
Course – downward and medial
Insertion – lower spine and lower ribs
Function – if arm is fixed, the costal fibers may pull up on rib cage

Front 11

Illiocostalis Cervicus

Back 11

Origin – c4 -6
Course – downward
Intersection – upper 6 ribs
Function lifts up the upper 6 ribs

Front 12

Sternocleidomastoid (sternum clavical mastoid process)

Back 12

Origin – mastoid process of temporal lobe
Course – downward
Insertion – 2 points
Clavicular head – to superior surface of clavicle
Sternal head – to manubrium of sternum (left and right)
Function – main function is to rotate head, but if the head is fixed, then the thorax can be pulled up

Front 13

Scalenus

Back 13

Origin - lower cervical vertebrae (C3-C6)
Course – downward
Insertion – 1st and 2nd ribs (fixator muscle for fib one...holds it in place)
Function – serves to fix upper ribs so intercostals can pull whole rib cage upward Contraction can lift 1st and 2nd ribs

Front 14

3 passive forces of exhalation (quiet breathing)

Back 14

1. Elastic recoil of the lung tissue (Elasticity)
2. gravity (as the ribs come down they squeeze the lungs a little)
3. untwisting (untorquing) of the costal cartilage

Front 15

Internal intercoastal muscles

Back 15

Origin – upper border of ribs 2 thru 12
Course – upwards and medially
Insertion – inferior edge of rib abouve
Function – (1) interosseous portion – contraction shortens distance between ribs and thereby decreases thoracic volume

Front 16

subcoastals

Back 16

Origin – 2nd or 3rd rib below where it attaches to
Course – superior and lateral
Insertion – inner surface of ribs – posterior wall
Function – pulls ribs down – aids internal intercoastals

Front 17

transverse thoracis

Back 17

Origin- inner surface of lower sternum
Course – superior and lateral
Insertion – ribs 2 – 6
Function – if sternum is fixed, they pull down and decrease thoracic volume

Front 18

rectus abdominis

Back 18

Origin – pubic bone
Course – upward
Insertion – sternuma nd costal cartilages of ribs 5 thru 7
Function – (1) pulls downward on sternum (2) compresses abdomen

Front 19

transverse abdominis

(to cross; going across)

Back 19

Origin – lower 6 ribs
Course – horizontal around abdomen
Insertion – abdominal aporneurosis ( a tendenous sheath which covers the rectus abdominis)
Functional – compress abdomen

Front 20

internal abdominal oblique

Back 20

Origin – anterior half of iliac crest
Course – toward midline
Insertion – abdominal apneurosis and coastal cartilages of lower 3 ribs
Function – (1) compression of abdominal contents pushes up on diaphragm (2) may pull down on lower three ribs

Front 21

external abdominal oblique

Back 21

Origin – lower 8 ribs
Course – toward midline
Insertion – iliac crest and abdominal aponeurosis
Function – compress abdomen, draws lower ribs down

Front 22

serratus posterior inferior

Back 22

Origin – last 2 thoratic and first 2 lumbar vertebrae
Course – upward and lateral
Insertion – posteror of bottom 4 ribs
Function – (1) pulls down lower 4 ribs (2) for inhalation – may act as a fixator for ribs when the diaphragm contracts

Front 23

Quadratus lumborum

Back 23

Origin – top of iliac crest
Course – upward
Insertion – 12th rib and upper 4 lumbar vertebrae (L1- L4)
Function – pulls rib 12 downward
(underneath latissimus dorsi)

Front 24

back muscles
(exhalation)

Back 24

Latissimus dorsi
Serratus posterior inferior
quadratus lumborum

Front 25

Abdominal muscles
(major in exhalation)

Back 25

Rectus Abdominis
Transvverse Abdominis
Internal Abdominal Oblique
External abdominal oblique

Front 26

Chest Muscles
(exhalation)

Back 26

Internal intercoastal muscles
Subcostals
Transverse thoracis

Front 27

Neck Muscles
accessory muscles of inhalation

Back 27

Sternocleido Mastoid
Scalenus

Front 28

Back Muscles
(inhalation)
accessory muscles

Back 28

Levatores Costarum
Serratus Posterior Superior
Latissimus Dorsi
Illiocostalis Cervicus

Front 29

Front Muscles
(inhalation)
accessory muscles

Back 29

Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Serratus Anterior
Subclavius (under clavical)

Front 30

Muscles of Inhalation

Back 30

Diaphram
External Intercoastals

Front 31

Boyle's Law

Back 31

volume and pressure are inversely related

Front 32

Esohageal Hiatus

Foramen Vena Cava

Back 32

Holes in the diaphragm

Front 33

Which muscles fixate rib 1?

Back 33

Scalenus
Subclavius

Front 34

Egressive air flow
Ingressive air flow

Back 34

exhalation/expiration
inhalation/inspiration

Front 35

Respiratory system consists of

Back 35

chest wall
thorax
abdomen
pulmanary system

Front 36

Thoracic vertebrae

Back 36

12
post. Margin

Front 37

Sternum

Back 37

(breast bone)
Manubraiaum
Corpus
Xiphoid process

Front 38

Manubraiaum

Back 38

the point of attachment for the clavical

Front 39

Corpus

Back 39

Main part of the sternum

Front 40

Xiphoid process

Back 40

little part of bone on the bottom of the sternum

Front 41

Ribs

Back 41

12 pair
true ribs (1 - 7)
false ribs (8 - 10)
floating ribs (11 & 12)

Front 42

Pectoral Girdle

Back 42

Scapula
Sternum
Clavicle

Front 43

True Ribs

Back 43

1 - 7
attach to the sternum thru cartalidge

Front 44

False Ribs

Back 44

8 - 10
connect to sternum throu

Front 45

Floating ribs

Back 45

11 & 12
do not attach to sternum

Front 46

Anything in front of _______ is considered abdomen

Back 46

Lumbar Vertibrae

Front 47

Pulmonary system

Back 47

Tubes in the lungs, lunges and all tubes that connect the lungs to the outside air

Front 48

Trachea

Back 48

(windpipe)
runs below larynx and into chest cavity

horseshoe shaped cartalidge rings...open in back..elastic cartalidge in between

Front 49

Trachea splits into two other tubes called ________

Back 49

Bronchi

Front 50

Bronchi

Back 50

Two primary -- left and right main bronchi
left lung divides out into two secondary
right branches into 3 secondary

Front 51

Mainstream Bronchi

Back 51

Left and right secondary bronchi

feed each one of the five indipendant lobes in the lungs

Front 52

plural lining

Back 52

pulmonary pleura
costal pleura
plural linkage

Front 53

pulmonary pleura

Back 53

smooth lines

Front 54

costal pleura

Back 54

line the inside of the rib cage

Front 55

Plural Linkage

Back 55

two pleura are stuck together ny the negitive pressure between them

Front 56

Basic components of ribs

Back 56

head (attaches to spine)
neck
tubercle
angle
shaft of rib

Front 57

patent airway

Back 57

open airway
most open if you tip your head back a little

Front 58

Respiratory cycle

Back 58

One full inhalation

Front 59

Forced respiration
Quiet resperation

Back 59

40% - 60% balance

Front 60

Resting expiratory level

Back 60

Point where all of the muscles are relaxed...when forces of expiration are all done

Front 61

Vital Capacity

Back 61

all of the air you could breathe in and out
male 4 -5 liters
female 3 - 4 liters

Front 62

Tidal Volume

Back 62

Volume of air actually used

Front 63

Inspiratory reserve

Back 63

amount of air you could breathe in beyond a given peak tidal volume...up to the max of your vital capacity

Front 64

Expiratory reserve

Back 64

the amount of air exhaled at the lower peak or tidal volume

Front 65

Residual volume

Back 65

volume of air remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation

20% of vital capacity

Front 66

Total lung volume

Back 66

vital capacity plus the residual volume
4 liters + 20%