A & P - College Network - Chapter 2

Front 1

Areolae

Back 1

Pigmented areas of the breast

Front 2

Arrector Pili

Back 2

A tiny bundle of smooth muscle that is attached to each hair follicle.

Front 3

Axilla

Back 3

Armpits.

Front 4

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Back 4

Arises from cells in the basal layer of the epidermis, does not spread rapidly, and tends not to metastasize.

Front 5

Carcinoma

Back 5

A malignant tumor.

Front 6

Cerumen

Back 6

A protective coating for the meatus (ear wax).

Front 7

Cermunious Glands

Back 7

Located in the external auditory meatus (ear canal) and secrete cerumen.

Front 8

Conduction

Back 8

As long as the temperature of the body surface exceeds that of the environment, heat can be lost to the environment through conduction (direct heat flow) if the skin is in contact with a cooler object.

Front 9

Convection

Back 9

As long as the temperature of the body surface exceeds that of the environment, heat can be lost to the environment through convection (air movement across the skin surface) if the skin is contact with a cooler object.

Front 10

Core Body Temperature

Back 10

The temperature of the central thorax, abdomen, and brain.

Front 11

Cornified Layer

Back 11

The outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum.

Front 12

Deep-Coiled Portion

Back 12

Part of the eccrine sweat glands, the coiled portion generates a primary secretion of fluid by secreting NaCl into the gland lumen.

Front 13

Dermal Glands

Back 13

Arising from the epidermis in the process of embryonic development, they include the sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, mammary glands, and ceruminous glands.

Front 14

Dermis

Back 14

Made of up connective tissue with abundant extracellular fibers of collagen and elastin. Within the dermis are hair follicles, sebaceous glands, the ducts of sweat glands, capillaries, and the sensory receptors responsible for sensitivity to pressure and vibration.

Front 15

Duct Portion

Back 15

Part of the eccrine sweat glands, the primary secretion of fluid from the deep-coiled portion passes through the duct portion.

Front 16

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Back 16

One type of sudoriferous gland. Scattered throughout the body surface but most dense in palms and soles of feet. They produce a dilute solution containing many of the constituents of blood plasma.

Front 17

Elaidin

Back 17

A translucent substance formed from keratohyalin.

Front 18

Epidermis

Back 18

A stratified squamous epithelium that contain keratainocytes, melanocytes, and immunocytes.

Front 19

Evaporative Cooling

Back 19

Promotes heat loss from the body surface in which some heat is absorbed by the water in the process of its transformation from a liquid to a gas.

Front 20

Firs-degree Burn

Back 20

Burns that involve mainly damage to the epidermis, require no special treatment, and typically heal rapidly without scarring.

Front 21

Full-Thickness Burn

Back 21

A third-degree burn affecting the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.

Front 22

Hair Follicle

Back 22

Encloses the root of a hair in the skin.

Front 23

Holocrine Gland

Back 23

Sebaceous glands in which the secretions are formed as a product of the breakdown of dead gland cells.

Front 24

Hypodermis

Back 24

Underneath the dermis and not technically part of the skin, a subcutaneous layer containing loose connective tissue, arterioles, venules, and adipose tissue.

Front 25

Immunocytes

Back 25

Provide first line of defense against invasion by microbes, fungi and parasites.

Front 26

Keratin

Back 26

A protein produced by keratainocytes.

Front 27

Keratainocytes

Back 27

Cells responsible for the wear-resistance and waterproof qualities of the skin.

Front 28

Kerotohyalin

Back 28

A precursor of keratin.

Front 29

Lactation

Back 29

Production of milk by the mammary glands during a period of infant nutrition after birth.

Front 30

Lunula

Back 30

The crescent-shaped region at the base of a nail.

Front 31

Malignant Melenoma

Back 31

Arises from melanocytes in the skin or in pigmented moles. Some forms of melanoma spread very rapidly and also metastasize freely to other body tissues.

Front 32

Mammary Glands

Back 32

Located within the breasts of females, are modified sweat glands that have evolved to produce milk during a period of infant nutrition after birth called lactation.

Front 33

Matrix

Back 33

Located at the base of each hair follicle where the hair grows.

Front 34

Melanin

Back 34

The pigment of the skin.

Front 35

Melanocytes

Back 35

Produces melanin, and they are partly responsible for skin color.

Front 36

Merocrine Glands

Back 36

Sudoriferous glands in which part of the secretory cells themselves appear in the secretion.

Front 37

Metastasize

Back 37

In reference to carcinoma, to spread to the other areas of the body.

Front 38

Nail Groove

Back 38

Nails arise from a matrix of stem cells located here at the base of each nail.

Front 39

Nail Matrix

Back 39

Where the growth of the nail occurs.

Front 40

Nevus

Back 40

A pigmented mole.

Front 41

Papillary Layer

Back 41

One layer of the dermis, consisting of fingerlike projections that project into the overlying epidermis. Papillae contain an extensive capillary network that supplies the needs of the basal layer of the epidermis and also plays an important role in heat loss from the body core.

Front 42

Partial-Thickness Burns

Back 42

Second-degree burns.

Front 43

Radiation

Back 43

As long as the temperature of the body surface exceeds that of the environment, heat can be lost to the environment through radiation (transfer by electromagnetic radiation) if the skin is in contact with a cooler object.

Front 44

Reticular Layer

Back 44

One layer in the dermis, largely composed of a network of criscrossing collagen and elastin fibers that give the skin its elasticity and resiliance.

Front 45

Sebaceous Glands

Back 45

Holocrine glands that are associated with hair follicles and secret an oily sebum on the skin surface.

Front 46

Sebum

Back 46

An oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands onto the skin that reduces the loss of moisture and contains antimicrobial chemicals.

Front 47

Second-Degree Burns

Back 47

Also called partial-thickness burns, these burns involve at least some damage to the dermis.

Front 48

Skin Grafts

Back 48

In this procedure, islands of transplanted skin are created within the burned region, using small flakes of skin removed from unburned body surfaces. These islands increase the rate of recolonization of new skin cells to the burned area.

Front 49

Squamous Cells

Back 49

Arises from cells in the stratum spinosum, and has a higher probability of metastasis.

Front 50

Stratum Basalae

Back 50

Deepest layer of skin (stratum germinativum).

Front 51

Stratum Corneum

Back 51

Deepest layer of the skin, twenty to thirty cells deep, consisting entirely of dead keratinocytes filled with keratin.

Front 52

Straum Germinativum

Back 52

The deepest layer of skin where new keratinocytes are continuously produced from stem cells.

Front 53

Stratum Granulosum

Back 53

As cells layer leave the stratum spinsum and enter this layer, they begin to synthesize and store a keratohyalin.

Front 54

Stratum Lucidum

Back 54

Consists of cells filled with droplets of elaidin.

Front 55

Stratum Spinosum

Back 55

New keratinocytes push upward into this layer above the stratum germinativum.

Front 56

Subcutaneous Fat

Back 56

Adipose tissue that protects underlying organs from mechanical shock, serves as a thermal insulation, and contributes to the sex-specific body contours of men and women.

Front 57

Sudoriferous Glands

Back 57

Sweat glands.

Front 58

Thermoregulation

Back 58

Process that maintains the core body temperature constant within a few tenths of a degree Celsius.

Front 59

Third-Degree Burns

Back 59

Also called full-thickness burns in which both the dermis and subcutaneous tissue are affected.

Front 60

Tonic

Back 60

A steady rate of nerve impulses along sympathetic nerves to superficial blood vessels that maintains some degree of vascular tone in those vessels.

Front 61

Skin Functions

Back 61

Large organ, weighing as much as 2 kg, surface area about 1.8 sq meters.
Protection
Thermoregulation
Somatosensory Perception
Vitamin D Synthesis

Front 62

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Back 62

Confined to axilla, pubic region and areolae. Functions only after puberty, secretes a more viscous substance. When acted on by bacteria on skin - emits body odor.