Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Respiratory Anatomy
|
Nose (External)
Nasal Cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs |
|
|
Pharynx
|
Muscular tube lined by a mucous membrane
|
|
|
Nasopharynx
|
Nasal Cavity to Soft Palate
Function: Respiration Region: Nasal |
|
|
Oropharynx
|
Up to Epiglottis-Soft palate to Hyoid Bone
Function: Respiration & Digestion Region: Oral & Nasal |
|
|
Laryngopharynx
|
Hyoid Bone to Cartilage
Function: Respiration & Digestion Region: Oral & Nasal |
|
|
White
|
Esophagus to GI Tract
|
|
|
Larynx
|
Passageway that connects the Pharynx w/ Trachea
Aids in voice production & sound Contains True vocal cords |
|
|
Epiglottis
|
Leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage
Aids in Swollowing Bends to cover glottis |
|
|
Thyroid Cartilage
|
Adam's Apple
Anterior & wraps around Laterally |
|
|
Aryenoid Cartilages (Pair)
|
Sit on Cricoid
Many muscles make their movement Partially buried in True Vocal Folds |
|
|
Cricoid Cartilage
|
Ring of cartilage attached to the top of trachea
|
|
|
Trachea
|
Extends from Larynx to Primary Bronchi
Composed of: Smooth muscle C-Shaped rings of cartilage: Keep airway open Ciliated Epithelium: lines & sweeps debris away from lungs & back to throat to be swallowed Is Anterior to the Esphagus |
|
|
Bronchi
|
Primary
Secondary Tertiary Bronchioles Terminal Bronchioles Walls have rings of cartilage Bronchioles have smooth muscle |
|
|
Lungs
|
Paired Organ in thoracic cavity & are enclosed & protected by plural membrane
|
|
|
Parietal Pleura
(Plural Membrane) |
Outer
Attached to wall of thoracic cavity |
|
|
Pleural Cavity
(Plural Membrane) |
B/T
Has lubercating fluid secreted by membranes |
|
|
Visceral Pleura
(Plural Membrane) |
Inner
Covers the Lungs |
|
|
Costal Breathing
|
Use of External Intercostals in normal, quiet breathing
|
|
|
During normal quiet INHALATION:
|
Diaphragm & External Intercostals CONTRACT
|
|
|
During labored INHALATION:
|
Sternocleidomastoid & Pectoralis Minor CONTRACT
|
|
|
When lungs expand:
|
Thoracic cavity INCREASES & Alveolar Pressure DECREASES
|
|
|
During normal, quiet EXHALATION:
|
Diaphragm & External Intercostals RELAX
|
|
|
During forceful EXHALATION:
|
Abdominal and Internal Intercostals CONTRACT
|
|
|
When lungs recoil:
|
Thoracic cavity DECREASES & Alveolor Pressure INCREASES
|
|
|
Tidal Volume
|
Amound of air moved during quiet breathing
1/2 L=500 mL Thin, squiggle line on graph |
|
|
Reserve Volume (Inspiratory & Expiratory)
|
Amount you can breath either in or out above the tidal volume
Large, up & down lines on graph |
|
|
Risidual Volume
|
1,200 mL
Permently trapped air in system=Alveoli Large, long box at bottom of graph |
|
|
Vital Capacity
|
Tidal Volume + Inspiratory + Expiratory Reserve
Top 3 on graph |
|
|
Total Lung Capacity
|
Vital Capacity + Residual Volume
Whole graph |
|
|
O2 Transport
|
1.5% O2 goes to Plasma
98.5% O2 + Hgb (carried in RBC'S)=OxyHgb |
|
|
Hemo
|
Pigmant
|
|
|
Globin
|
Protein Portion
|
|
|
Dissoloved O2 can:
|
Diffuse into tissues (IMPORTANT!!!!)
|
|
|
Partial Pressure of O2
|
Most important factor that determines how much O2 combines w/ Hgb
Greater PP leads to more O2 w/ Hgb and then the Hgb molecules are saturated |
|
|
Affinity
|
Tightness
|
|
|
Factors Affecting Affinity of Hgb & O2
|
1. Acid (low pH) environment:
-O2 splits more readily from Hgb 2. Low blood ph (acidic conditions): -Result from increased PP of CO2 3. As temp. rises so does amount of O2 (by Hgb) -Active cells require more O2 -So they can liberate more acid & heat |
|
|
Transport of O2:
|
1.5% dissolved in plasma
98.5% as Hb-O2 Carried in RBC's |
|
|
Transport of CO2:
|
7% dissloved in plasma=combined w/ globing part=carabaminohemoglobin as part of the bicarbonate ion
23% as Hb-CO2 70% as HCO3: CO2 + H2O=Carbonic Acid H+ & Bicarbonate |
|
|
Medullary Rhythmicity Area:
|
Function is to control basic rhythm of respiration
|
|
|
Pneumotaxic Area:
|
Helps coordinate the transition b/t inspiration & expiration
|
|
|
Apneustic Area:
|
Sends impulses to Pneumotaxic area that activate it & prolong inspiration-prohibiting enpiration
|
|
|
Inspiratory Area:
|
Part of Medullary Rhythmicity
Has intrinsic excitability of autorhythmic neurons that set basic rhythm of respiratory |
|
|
Expiratory Area:
|
Probably activated to cause contraction of muscles in FORCED EXPIRATION (LABORED)
|
|
|
Regulation of Respiratory System:
|
Chemoreceptors: stimulated by hypercapnia (slight increase in PCO2 & H+). Activates the Inspiratory Area and hyperventilation occurs.
Proprioceptors: joints & muscles activate the Inspiratory center to increase ventilation prior to exercise-induced O2 needed BP, temp, pain & irritation goes to the respiratory mucosa |
