A & P 2 Respiratory

Front 1

The loudness of a person's voice depends on the _______

Back 1

force with which air rushes across the vocal folds

Front 2

The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II. The function of type II is to ________

Back 2

secrete surfactant

Front 3

Complete the following statement using the choices below. Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is

Back 3

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.

Front 4

Unlike inspiration, expiration is a passive act because no muscular contractions are involved. Expiration, however, depends on two factors. Which of the choices below lists those two factors?

Back 4

the recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration and the inward pull of surface tension due to the film of alveolar fluid

Front 5

Which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea?

Back 5

cartilage rings

Front 6

Intrapulmonary pressure is the ________.

Back 6

pressure within the alveoli of the lungs

Front 7

The relationship between the pressure and volume of gases is given by ________.

Back 7

Boyle's law

Front 8

The statement, "in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of gases in the mixture" paraphrases ________.

Back 8

Dalton's law

Front 9

Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________

Back 9

interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid

Front 10

For gas exchange to be efficient, the respiratory membrane must be ________.

Back 10

0.5 to 1 micrometer thick

Front 11

With the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n) ________.

Back 11

decrease in pH (acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond

Front 12

The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is ________.

Back 12

increase of carbon dioxide

Front 13

Nerve impulses from ________ will result in inspiration.

Back 13

the ventral respiratory group

Front 14

In the plasma, the quantity of oxygen in solution is ________.

Back 14

only about 1.5% of the oxygen carried in dissolved form

Front 15

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Back 15

Respiratory rate is lowest in newborn infants.

Front 16

Which of the choices below describes the forces that act to pull the lungs away from the thorax wall and thus collapse the lungs?

Back 16

the natural tendency for the lungs to recoil and the surface tension of the alveolar fluid

Front 17

Which of the following does not influence the increase in ventilation that occurs as exercise is initiated?

Back 17

decrease in lactic acid levels

Front 18

Which of the following is not a form of lung cancer?

Back 18

Kaposi's sarcoma

Front 19

Which of the following is not an event necessary to supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2?

Back 19

blood pH adjustment

Front 20

Which of the following is not true of the respiratory tract from the medium bronchi to the aveoli?

Back 20

Resistance to air flow increases due to the increase in cross-sectional diameter.

Front 21

Which of the following determines lung compliance?

Back 21

alveolar surface tension

Front 22

Tidal volume is air ________.

Back 22

exchanged during normal breathing

Front 23

Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement?

Back 23

partial pressure gradient

Front 24

Possible causes of hypoxia include ________.

Back 24

too little oxygen in the atmosphere

Front 25

The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the ________.

Back 25

vital capacity

Front 26

Because the lungs are filled with fluid during fetal life, which of the following statements is true regarding respiratory exchange?

Back 26

Respiratory exchanges are made through the placenta.

Front 27

Which of the following is not a stimulus for breathing?

Back 27

rising blood pressure

Front 28

Respiratory control centers are located in the ________.

Back 28

medulla and pons

Front 29

The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called ________.

Back 29

inspiratory reserve

Front 30

Which statement about CO2 is incorrect?

Back 30

More CO2 dissolves in the blood plasma than is carried in the RBCs.

Front 31

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________.

Back 31

diffusion

Front 32

Select the correct statement about the pharynx.

Back 32

The auditory tube drains into the nasopharynx.

Front 33

The larynx contains ________.

Back 33

the thyroid cartilage

Front 34

Which respiratory-associated muscles would contract if you were to blow up a balloon?

Back 34

internal intercostals and abdominal muscles would contract

Front 35

How is the bulk of carbon dioxide carried in blood?

Back 35

as the bicarbonate ion in the plasma after first entering the red blood cells

Front 36

Which of the following is not found on the right lobe of the lung?

Back 36

cardiac notch

Front 37

Which of the choices below is not a role of the pleura?

Back 37

aids in blood flow to and from the heart because the heart sits between the lungs

Front 38

Factors that influence the rate and depth of breathing include ________.

Back 38

voluntary cortical control

Front 39

Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange?

Back 39

Alveoli

Front 40

The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________.

Back 40

alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes

Front 41

Gas emboli may occur because a ________.

Back 41

diver holds his breath upon ascent

Front 42

Inspiratory capacity is ________.

Back 42

the total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration

Front 43

Which center is located in the pons?

Back 43

pontine respirator group (PRG)

Front 44

The nose serves all the following functions except ________.

Back 44

as the initiator of the cough reflex

Front 45

A premature baby usually has difficulty breathing. However, the respiratory system is developed enough for survival by ________.

Back 45

28 weeks

Front 46

Which of the following statements is true regarding the respiratory rate of a newborn?

Back 46

The respiratory rate of a newborn is, at its highest rate, approximately 40-80 respirations per minute.

Front 47

Select the correct statement about the neural mechanisms of respiratory control.

Back 47

The pons is thought to be instrumental in the smooth transition from inspiration to expiration.

Front 48

Which of the choices below is not a factor that promotes oxygen binding to and dissociation from hemoglobin?

Back 48

number of red blood cells

Front 49

The factors responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall are ________.

Back 49

surface tension from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity

Front 50

The erythrocyte count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the ________.

Back 50

concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes

Front 51

Most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of the ________.

Back 51

ciliated mucous lining in the nose

Front 52

Which of the following is not possible?

Back 52

Pressure gradient equals gas flow over resistance.

Front 53

Select the correct statement about the physical factors influencing pulmonary ventilation.

Back 53

As alveolar surface tension increases, additional muscle action will be required.

Front 54

Select the correct statement about oxygen transport in blood:

Back 54

A 50% oxygen saturation level of blood returning to the lungs might indicate an activity level higher than normal.

Front 55

Which of the disorders below is characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveoli producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation?

Back 55

emphysema