A & P 2

Front 1

Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?

Back 1

emotional state

Front 2

Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure?

Back 2

nitric acid

Front 3

Which statement best describes arteries?

Back 3

all carry blood away from the heart

Front 4

Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium?

Back 4

tunica intima

Front 5

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________.

Back 5

capillaries

Front 6

The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called ________.

Back 6

hepatic portal circulation

Front 7

The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the ________.

Back 7

muscular arteries

Front 8

Aldosterone will ________.

Back 8

promote an increase in blood pressure

Front 9

The pulse pressure is ________.

Back 9

systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

Front 10

Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign?

Back 10

rapidly falling blood pressure

Front 11

Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?

Back 11

capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood

Front 12

Which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are known as resistance vessels?

Back 12

the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter

Front 13

Which of the following is true about veins?

Back 13

veins are called capacitance or blood reservoirs

Front 14

Which of the following processes provides a long-term response to changes in blood pressure?

Back 14

renal regulation

Front 15

Peripheral resistance ________.

Back 15

increases as blood viscosity increases

Front 16

Brain blood flow autoregulation ________.

Back 16

is abolished when abnormally high CO2 levels persist

Front 17

Blood flow to the skin ________.

Back 17

increases when enviornmental temperature rises

Front 18

Which of the choices below reflects the balance (or imbalance) between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls?

Back 18

hydrostatic and osmotic pressure

Front 19

Which of the following is a type of circulatory shock?

Back 19

vascular, due to extreme vasodialation as a result of vasomotor tone

Front 20

Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?

Back 20

tunica media

Front 21

The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is ________.

Back 21

significant because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius

Front 22

The form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is ________.

Back 22

shock that results from large scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea

Front 23

In the dynamics of blood flow through capillaries, hydrostatic pressure ________.

Back 23

is the same as capillary blood pressure

Front 24

The hepatic portal vein ________.

Back 24

carries nutrient rich blood to the liver

Front 25

The term ductus venosus refers to ________.

Back 25

a special fetal vessel that allows umbilical blood to bypass the liver

Front 26

Which of the choices below does not explain why low capillary pressures are desirable?

Back 26

low blood pressure is more desirable than high blood pressure

Front 27

Which of the choices below does not involve tissue perfusion?

Back 27

blood clotting

Front 28

Which of the following do not influence arterial pulse rate?

Back 28

the vessel selected to palpate

Front 29

Which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation?

Back 29

right ventricle, pulmonary artery and left atrium

Front 30

Histologically, the ________ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer.

Back 30

tunica intima

Front 31

The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called ________.

Back 31

arterioles

Front 32

Fenestrated capillaries ________.

Back 32

are not found in the brain

Front 33

Modified capillaries that are lined with phagocytes are called ________.

Back 33

sinusoids

Front 34

Factors that aid venous return include all except ________.

Back 34

urinary output

Front 35

Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?

Back 35

170/96 in a 50 year old man

Front 36

Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure.

Back 36

excess red blood cell production would cause a blood pressure increase

Front 37

Mechanisms that do not help regulate blood pressure include ________.

Back 37

the dural sinus reflex

Front 38

The velocity of blood flow is ________.

Back 38

slowest in the capillaries because the total cross sectional area is the greatest

Front 39

Select the correct statement about blood flow.

Back 39

blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output

Front 40

A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the ________.

Back 40

right side of the head and neck and right upper arm

Front 41

Cerebral blood flow is regulated by ________.

Back 41

intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms

Front 42

A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg. This hypertensive state could result in all of the following changes except ________.

Back 42

decreased size of the heart muscle

Front 43

The short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals, primarily operate via all but which of the following?

Back 43

altering blood volume

Front 44

Secondary hypertension can be caused by ________

Back 44

arteriosclerosis

Front 45

Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodilation?

Back 45

lungs

Front 46

Normal average blood pressure for a newborn baby is ________.

Back 46

90/55

Front 47

If blood pressure is almost normal in a person who has lost blood, does that mean the tissues are receiving adequate blood flow?

Back 47

not necessarily

Front 48

What do the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale become at birth?

Back 48

ligamentum arteriosum; fossa ovalis

Front 49

Which of the following would not result in the dilation of the feeder arterioles and opening of the precapillary sphincters in systemic capillary beds?

Back 49

a local increase in histamine

Front 50

Arteriole blood pressure increases in response to all but which of the following?

Back 50

falling blood pressure

Front 51

The baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to which of the following?

Back 51

changes in arterial pressure

Front 52

The adjustment of blood flow to each tissue in proportion to its requirements at any point in time is termed autoregulation.

Back 52

TRUE

Front 53

Arterial pressure in the pulmonary circulation is much higher than in the systemic circulation because of its proximity to the heart.

Back 53

FALSE

Front 54

Osmotic pressure is created by the presence in a fluid of small diffusible molecules that easily move through the capillary membrane.

Back 54

FALSE

Front 55

The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) is an arterial anastomosis.

Back 55

TRUE

Front 56

The outermost layer of a blood vessel is the tunica intima.

Back 56

FALSE

Front 57

The thick-walled arteries close to the heart are called muscular arteries.

Back 57

FALSE

Front 58

Hypotension is generally considered systolic blood pressure that is below 100 mm Hg.

Back 58

TRUE

Front 59

A precapillary sphincter is a cuff of smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood into the capillaries.

Back 59

TRUE

Front 60

The carotid sinus reflex protects the blood supply to the brain, whereas the aortic reflex is more concerned with maintaining adequate blood pressure in the systemic circuit as a whole.

Back 60

TRUE

Front 61

Vasodilation is a widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction.

Back 61

FALSE

Front 62

The pulmonary circulation does not directly serve the metabolic needs of body tissues.

Back 62

TRUE

Front 63

In infants and young people, congenital vascular problems are less common than congenital heart disease.

Back 63

TRUE

Front 64

The most common form of shock is hypovolemic shock

Back 64

TRUE

Front 65

Every minute, about 1.5 ml of fluid leaks out of the capillaries.

Back 65

TRUE

Front 66

The pancreas is an example of an organ with arteries that do not anastomose.

Back 66

FALSE

Front 67

An obstruction in the superior vena cava would decrease the flow of blood from the head and neck to the heart.

Back 67

TRUE

Front 68

Arteries supplying the same territory are often merged with one another, forming arterial anastomoses.

Back 68

TRUE

Front 69

An increase in blood viscosity will cause an increase in peripheral resistance.

Back 69

TRUE

Front 70

The first major branch of the femoral artery is the dorsalis pedis artery.

Back 70

FALSE

Front 71

The azygos vein originates in the abdomen.

Back 71

TRUE

Front 72

Whereas diffusion is more important for solute exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid, bulk flow is more important for regulation of the relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid.

Back 72

TRUE

Front 73

Supplies the duodenum and stomach

Back 73

common hepatic artery

Front 74

Supplies the kidney.

Back 74

renal artery

Front 75

Supplies the distal areas of the large intestine. Answer:

Back 75

inferior mesenteric artery

Front 76

Supplies pelvic structures.

Back 76

internal iliac artery

Front 77

Largest artery of the body

Back 77

aorta

Front 78

Artery that does not anastomose

Back 78

renal artery

Front 79

Gives rise to the right common carotid and right subclavian artery.

Back 79

brachiocephalic trunk

Front 80

Supplies the lower limbs

Back 80

external iliac artery

Front 81

Common site to take the pulse

Back 81

radial artery

Front 82

Major supply to the cerebral hemispheres.

Back 82

internal carotid artery

Front 83

Large unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies the liver, stomach, and spleen

Back 83

celiac trunk

Front 84

Receives blood from all areas superior to the diaphragm, except the heart wall.

Back 84

superior vena cava

Front 85

Carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

Back 85

pulmonary trunk

Front 86

Drains the scalp.

Back 86

external jugular vein

Front 87

Runs through the armpit area, giving off branches to the axillae, chest wall, and shoulder girdle.

Back 87

axillary artery

Front 88

Drains the upper extremities, deep vein.

Back 88

subclavian vein

Front 89

Artery usually palpated to take the blood pressure.

Back 89

brachial artery

Front 90

Major artery of the thigh

Back 90

femoral artery

Front 91

Supplies the small intestine

Back 91

superior mesenteric artery

Front 92

Carries oxygen-rich blood from the lung

Back 92

pulmonary vein

Front 93

Vessel commonly used as a coronly bypass vessel.

Back 93

great saphenous vein

Front 94

Site where resistance to blood flows is greatest.

Back 94

arterioles

Front 95

Site where exchanges of food and gases are made.

Back 95

capillaries

Front 96

Site where blood pressure is lowest

Back 96

large veins

Front 97

Site where the velocity of blood flow is fastest.

Back 97

large arteries

Front 98

Site where the velocity of blood flow is slowest.

Back 98

capillaries

Front 99

Site where the blood volume is greatest.

Back 99

large veins

Front 100

Site where the blood pressure is greatest.

Back 100

large arteries

Front 101

Site that is the major determinant of peripheral resistance.

Back 101

arterioles

Front 102

The first major branch of the aortic arch is the ________ branch.

Back 102

brachiocephallic trunk

Front 103

The embryonic mesodermal cells that will eventually form the endothelial lining of blood vessels are called ________.

Back 103

blood islands

Front 104

The most common form of shock is ________.

Back 104

hypovolemic

Front 105

A family of peptides called ________ are released by the endothelium and are among the most potent vasoconstrictors known

Back 105

endothelins

Front 106

Arterial ________ provide alternate pathways for blood to get to an organ.

Back 106

anastomoses

Front 107

The ________ in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch detect increases in blood pressure.

Back 107

baroreceptors

Front 108

________ shock is due to abnormal expansion of blood vessels and a rapid drop in blood pressure.

Back 108

vascular

Front 109

The third major branch of the aortic arch is the ________ artery.

Back 109

left subclavian

Front 110

The ________ supply the brain with blood.

Back 110

internal carotid arteries

Front 111

________ pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Back 111

pulse

Front 112

The lowest venous blood pressure is found in the ________.

Back 112

venae cavae

Front 113

As a blood pressure cuff is deflated on the arm, sounds of ________ can be heard.

Back 113

korokoff