A And P Section 3

Front 1

Lymphatic vessels______ cells are different from blood vessel cells

Back 1

Endothelial

Front 2

Lymphatic endothelial cells _____ have tight junctions and they don not have a continual basal lamina.

Do or don't

Back 2

Don't

Front 3

There are large gaps between the endothelial cells so _____ and large molecules can pass between them.

Back 3

Lymphocytes

Front 4

The overlapping endothelial cells make _____ that can open and close. They will open and close due to the _____ of the lymph fluid flowing through the vessel

Back 4

Valves

Pressure

Front 5

Can produce lethal hits to infected self cells

Direct activation produced by MHC-1 recognition

Mature from thymic tissues

Back 5

T cells

Front 6

Can produce lethal hits to infected self cells

Direct activation produced by MHC-1 recognition

Mature from thymic tissues

Back 6

T cells

Front 7

Differentiate into plasma cells when activated

Anti-body mediated immunity

Direct activation produced by MHC 2 recognition

Back 7

B cells

Front 8

The classical alternative and ______ pathways all lead to the cleavage of complement C3 into C3a and C3B

Back 8

Lectin

Front 9

The classical alternative and ______ pathways all lead to the cleavage of complement C3 into C3a and C3B

Back 9

Lectin

Front 10

Those two fragments activate processes that lead to _________inflammation immune clearance and phagocytosis

Back 10

Enhanced

Front 11

The classical alternative and ______ pathways all lead to the cleavage of complement C3 into C3a and C3B

Back 11

Lectin

Front 12

Those two fragments activate processes that lead to _________inflammation immune clearance and phagocytosis

Back 12

Enhanced

Front 13

Inflammation activates and attracts ______ and macrophages, two key cellular agents of pathogen destruction.

Back 13

Neutrophils

Front 14

The classical alternative and ______ pathways all lead to the cleavage of complement C3 into C3a and C3B

Back 14

Lectin

Front 15

Those two fragments activate processes that lead to _________inflammation immune clearance and phagocytosis

Back 15

Enhanced

Front 16

Inflammation activates and attracts ______ and macrophages, two key cellular agents of pathogen destruction.

Back 16

Neutrophils

Front 17

Immune Clarence will clear foreign antigens from the ____.

Back 17

Bloodstream

Front 18

During Phagocytosis,______ occurs which is the coating of microbial cells

Back 18

Opsonization

Front 19

A _____ is an abnormal elevation of body temperature

Back 19

Fever

Front 20

A _____ is an abnormal elevation of body temperature

Back 20

Fever

Front 21

Yet a fever when allowed to run its course is actually ______

Back 21

Beneficial

Front 22

Fever can ______ interferon activity

Back 22

Promote

Front 23

Fever can also ______ tissue repair

Back 23

Accelerate

Front 24

Fever will prevent the ______ of bacteria and viruses

Back 24

Reproduction

Front 25

The birth of T cells takes place in the______ bone marrow

Back 25

Red

Front 26

From the red bone marrow cells are sent to mature in the _____

Back 26

Thymus

Front 27

After T cells mature in this thymus cells move to the lymphatic tissue and

Back 27

Organs

Front 28

In some cases___ cells are made and sent back to the bone marrow

Back 28

Plasma

Front 29

When a person is exposed to an antigen for the first time the noon reaction is called the _____ response

Back 29

Primary

Front 30

When a person is exposed to an antigen for the first time the noon reaction is called the _____ response

Back 30

Primary

Front 31

The appearance of protective_____ is delayed for 3 to 6 days while the naïve B cells multiply and differentiate

Back 31

Antibodies

Front 32

As the plasma cells begin secreting anti-body the anti-body_____ begins to rise

Back 32

Titer

Front 33

Eventually the primary response will make an immune______ of the antigen

Back 33

Memory

Front 34

Name the proper sequence for the processing of proteins produced within the cell

Back 34

Proteins are broken into fragments, transported to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, combine with the class 1 MHC moved to the Golgi apparatus, then to the plasma membrane

Front 35

Name the correct sequence for processing proteins originating outside the cell

Back 35

Proteins are broken into fragments with in a vesicle, which fuses with the golgi vesicles containing class 2 MHC and this complex is transported to the plasma membrane

Front 36

Foreign antigens presented on class 1 MHC molecules _____

Back 36

Stimulates cell destruction by activated T cells

Front 37

True or false

Fragments of form proteins are anti-bodies

Back 37

False

Front 38

True or false

Viruses and self proteins are examples of proteins produced inside of the cell

Back 38

True

Front 39

Which of the following is true regarding antigens

Back 39

They contain many different antigenic determinants (epitopes)

Front 40

Which of the following is true regarding bacterial cells

Back 40

They have many different epitopes which each bind to specific antibodies

Front 41

Which of the following is true regarding bacterial cells

Back 41

They have many different epitopes which each bind to specific antibodies

Front 42

An individual anti-body is made against______

Back 42

One epitope of an antigen

Front 43

True or false

each antigen has one epitope

Back 43

Balls

Front 44

True or false

Many different antibodies can be made against a single antigen

Back 44

True

Front 45

Which of the following is true when interferon attaches to a cell

Back 45

The virus can enter the cell but cannot replicate

Front 46

When interferon from one cell attaches to the second cell______

Back 46

The recipient cell makes enzymes that degrade mRNA and prevent viral proteins synthesis

Front 47

Which of the following is true regarding interferon

Back 47

Interferon is produced by one cell and is used to warn nearby cells of the same type

Front 48

True or false

Interferon can cause the degradation of mRNA and prevention of the synthesis of viral proteins

Back 48

True

Front 49

True or false

Interferon is produced by an animal cell that is infected by a bacterium

Back 49

False

Front 50

Which of the following statements is not true of the hepatitis B vaccine

Back 50

It consists of an internal protein from the virus

Front 51

The vaccine used to prevent measles consists of live measles viruses. This type of vaccine is likely______.

Back 51

An attenuated vaccine

Front 52

A subunit vaccine is composed of______

Back 52

Purified parts of the micro organism

Front 53

Vaccines present anti-bodies from a pathogen to stimulate immunity true or false

Back 53

False

Front 54

Which of the following is produced by cytotoxic T cells

Back 54

Perforin, which makes holes in the cell membrane of infected cells

Front 55

Which of the following is produced by cytotoxic T cells

Back 55

Perforin, which makes holes in the cell membrane of infected cells

Front 56

Which of the following is true regarding infected cells

Back 56

They display peptide fragments of degraded viral proteins on their cell serface

Front 57

Which of the following is produced by cytotoxic T cells

Back 57

Perforin, which makes holes in the cell membrane of infected cells

Front 58

Which of the following is true regarding infected cells

Back 58

They display peptide fragments of degraded viral proteins on their cell serface

Front 59

Cytotoxic T cells recognize_____

Back 59

Viral antigens and class 1 MHC

Front 60

Cytotoxic T cells produce cytotoxins which cause apoptosis in infected cells

Back 60

True

Front 61

Name the proper sequence in which they occurred during inflammatory response

Back 61

Neutrophils roll along endothelium

Integrin activation

Margination

Front 62

During the inflammatory response_____ degranulation and release_____

Back 62

Mast cells; histamine

Front 63

Which of the following terms describe the migration of neutrophils from blood vessels

Back 63

Extravasation

Front 64

The inflammatory response is a specific defense mechanism that the body initiates against tissue damage

True or false

Back 64

False

Front 65

Endothelial cells display selectins which bind to the integrins of neutrophils

True or false

Back 65

True

Front 66

Which of the following are antigen presenting cells

Back 66

Macrophages and B cells

Front 67

Helper T cells interact with target cells by recognizing______

Back 67

Antigen-MHC protein complexes

Front 68

Helper T cells interact with target cells by recognizing______

Back 68

Antigen-MHC protein complexes

Front 69

Helper T cell secrete_____To stimulate the proliferation of B cells

Back 69

Cytokines

Front 70

Helper T cells only interact with class 1 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins

True or false

Back 70

False

Front 71

Plasma cells are B cells that produce antibodies true or false

Back 71

True

Front 72

Name all the adaptive immunity types of cells

Back 72

B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells, cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, memory T cells, CD4 + cells, plasma cells

Front 73

Name all the adaptive immunity types of cells

Back 73

B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells, cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, memory T cells, CD4 + cells, plasma cells

Front 74

Name all the nonspecific defense cells

Back 74

Neutrophils

Front 75

Name the five things associated with adaptive immunity

Back 75

Vaccines, agglutination, memory, clonal selection, third line of defense

Front 76

Name the three things associated with nonspecific defense

Back 76

Acid mantle, first line of defense, second line of defense

Front 77

Name 4 characteristics T cells

Back 77

Can produce lethal hits to infected self-cells

Include helper cell lines

Direct activation produced by MHC-1 recognition

Mature from thymic tissues

Front 78

Name 4 characteristics of B cells

Back 78

Differentiate into plasma cells when activated

Anti-body mediated immunity

Direct activation produced by MHC-2 recognition

IgG and IgM formation in the secondary immune response

Front 79

Name 2 characteristics in both B cells and T cells

Back 79

Produces memory cells

Arise originally from bone marrow

Front 80

Four Cardinal signs of _____ are recognized.

Back 80

Inflammation

Front 81

Four Cardinal signs of _____ are recognized.

Back 81

Inflammation

Front 82

Erythrocytes arriving at the site and perfuming the dermis are visible trough the skin, which produces _____

Back 82

Redness

Front 83

The increase in blood flow and leafiness of capillaries, fluids are delivered to the tissue faster than they are removed, resulting in _____

Back 83

Swelling (edema)

Front 84

Swelling increases the pressure of fluids on adjacent mechanical structures. This activates receptors for_____.

Back 84

Pain

Front 85

Interesting ______ do not directly attacking nor destroy any pathogens

Back 85

Antibodies

Front 86

Interesting ______ do not directly attacking nor destroy any pathogens

Back 86

Antibodies

Front 87

This opens binding sites and promotes _______ resulting in a conversion of complement proteins to fight the pathogen

Back 87

Complement fixation

Front 88

Anti-bodies that bind to more than one cell simultaneously can rapidly cause_______ to occur which is a clumping that prevents the pathogen from contacting in damaging human cells

Back 88

Agglutination

Front 89

What is an example of the process that makes the molecule in soluble and less mobile

Back 89

Precipitation

Front 90

Antibodies______ to pathogens and in doing so render them in capable of causing an immune response

Back 90

Bind

Front 91

The first and second lines of defense are considered nonspecific resistance while the third line of defense is considered adaptive immunity

True or false

Back 91

True

Front 92

Discharge enzymes into a cloud of bactericidal chemicals

Back 92

Neutrophils

Front 93

Discharge enzymes into a cloud of bactericidal chemicals

Back 93

Neutrophils

Front 94

Guard against parasites and allergens

Back 94

Eosinophils

Front 95

Transform into Phagocytic macrophages that ingest dead pathogens

Back 95

Monocytes

Front 96

Include NK cells which patrol the body looking for diseased host cells

Back 96

Lymphocytes

Front 97

Secrete histamine increasing blood flow

Back 97

Basophils

Front 98

Name two things that are true about memory cells

Back 98

Memory cells respond to antigens more rapidly than naïve T cells

Upon re exposure to a pathogen, memory cells engage in the T cell recall response destroying the pathogen quickly

Front 99

Name two things that are true regarding memory in humoral immunity

Back 99

Memory B cells are found mainly in the lymph nodes. Plasma cells form within hours creating a response so rapid that no noticeable signs of an illness appear

Front 100

What is one thing that accurately describes the difference between cellular and Humoral immunity

Back 100

Cellular immunity directly attacks pathogens and infected cells while humoral immunity releases anti-bodies to do so