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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
heterotrophs
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do not make thier own food
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saprobes
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get nutrients from non living organic matter like from soil
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parasites
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get nutrients from living organic matter like plants
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budding
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asexual reporduction, similar to bionarry fission
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zygomycetes
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fungi, not good to eat or digest
ex.rhizopus stolinifer. looks like dafodills |
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ascomycetes
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sac fungi used for food production. aka. sacharomycetes
ex- penecillon, aspergillus (soy sauce) |
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basidiomycetes
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club fungi, mushrooms, only one we can eat
ex. agaricus brunnescens |
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spores
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aswxual cell (divides by itself) or can reproduce with annother cell (like a gamete)
like seeds |
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Mycelia
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when the spores come together and it grows, like the roots, just adult spores
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Hyphae
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cells that braqnch off from mycelia, tubular cells, compounds together to make mycelia
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Basidiospores
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spores of basidiomytes HALPOID n
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haploid mycelia
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the mycelium that has only one neuculous, mate if compatible
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compatible mating strain
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in cytoplasmic fusion where haploid mating strains are compatible and fuse together
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dikaryotic mycelium
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diploid (2n) after the compatible mating strains fuse together
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basidiomycota life cycle
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-both sexual and asexual
-(n+n) forms at the gills -goes through neuclear fusion and trusn diploid (2n) -goes through meosis and is haploid (n) -the spores are relased |
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Zygospore
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DIPLOID (2n)
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Zygosporangium
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protective membrane around zygospore
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Positive mating strain/negative mating strain
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two strains of opposit charges are attracted to each other
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Zycomycota Life Cycle
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two compatible hypha joi together and form a young zygospore (n)
-neruclear fusion makes it diploid and a mature zygospore -than through meiosis it become haploid again - the spores are released and germinate to form mycelia |
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lichens
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fungus + photosymthetic organism
- live togetehr closely - mutalism, both benefit - fungi helps it absorb nutrients while fungi gets some sugar |
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The three types of animal-like protists
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Amoebiod, ciliated, flagellates
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Mycorrhizae
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fungi attaching to a plant or tree root
fungi gets sugar while the plant gets help absorbing nutrients most plants and trees need the fungi to grow |
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protist differ from Prokaryots
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have nucleous and organells
have chloroplasts divide my meiosis and mitosis have microtubuals and flagella |
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protist charictarisitcs
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unicellular
autotrophic and heterotrophic (making own food) microscopic cells-> seaweed |
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water molds/slime molds
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protist
-aquatic saprobes -some are parisites -kill plants (plant pathogens) -ex- potato mold -produce extensive mycelia -most like fungus -can cause malaria (plasmodium) |
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Amoebiod
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they are protists that change shape constantly
have Pseudopods (false feet) |
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Ciliated
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ex- paramecium
goes through sexual reporduction (conjugation) |
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Flagelllates (example)
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ex- trypanosome
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Sporozoans
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Parasitic
cause serious desieses cryptosporidium through raw meat and cat fecies |
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algae example
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euglenoids- not algea but they are photosynthetic
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unicellular algae
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-photosynthetic
golden, yellow green, diatoms, cocolithphores |
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multicellualr algae
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mostly tropical
red, brown and green (green respembles plants) |
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Charictarisitics of animals (7)
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-multicellular
-heterotrophic (don't make own food) -eykarytos -require oxygen -reporduce sexually and asexually -motile (moving) and one point -develop from embryos |
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radial symmetry
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cuts from the center like a circle
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gut
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reigion where food is digested and absrobed (like our stomach and small intestine)
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acoelomate
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has a gut cavity but no actual gut and no lining
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Pseudocoelomate
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fake gut, not lined
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celomate
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has a whole body cavity (coelem) and it is lined
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larval stage
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when sponges are motile (moving)
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Sponges
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-lower invertebrate
-no symmetry but sometimes radial -acelomate (no gut) -motile at larval -take in oxygen and nutrients through pores -AMOEBOID CELL GETS RID OF WASTE -sexual |
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nematocysts
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stuff that stings that Cindarians produce
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Cnidarian
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-lower invertebrate
-radial -no gut (acelomate) -produces nematocytes -has NERVE NET to sense -HYDROSTATIC SKELETON fills with water to keep shape -sexual |
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cnidarian exaples & shapes
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jelly fish (medusa)
corals (polyp) |
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Cephalized
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have a body and head type of body organization
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hermaphrodites
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have both sexual parts but during reporduction- serve as only one type
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Platyhelminthes
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- Flatworms
-bilateral -acoelomate (no gut) -cephalized -hermaphrodite -can be cut in half and survive |
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Examples of Platyhelminthes
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tapeworm and flukes- parasidic
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Nematodes
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-invertebrate
-round worm -bilateral -pshudocylomate gut -complete digestive system -can burrow in your body cause heart worm in dogs |
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Exaple of Nematodes
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ascarid
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what does it mean to be round?
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they have room to form a (kinda) real gut (but not quite)
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Charictaristics of higher invertebrates (2)
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- all evolved from celomate roundworms
-have a body cavity (true gut) |
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mantle
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fleshy thing under the shell that helps to make the shell
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radul
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used for shredding food
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mollusk
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-higher invertebrate
-bilateral -have shell and soft body -a fleshy foot -mantle and radula |
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exaples of Mollusc
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octopus, snail, clams, oysters, muscels, cuttle fish, squid
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setae
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bistles to hear
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crop and gizzard
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an annalids gut
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annelids
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-higher invertebrates
-bilateral -segemented body (like the ridges on a worm) -setae -crop and gizzard |
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exaple of an annelid
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earthworm
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cephalothorax
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head and body fused together
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arthopods
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- have the biggest number of species
-harder outer skeleton -jointed appendages (arms and legs) -respritory structures -specialised sensory sturucture -division of labor |
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examples of Arthopods (4 groups and more examples)
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Trilobites- extinct
chelicerate- spiders, mites, scorpions crostaceans- crabs, shrimp, barnicals, lobsters, crayfish uniramians- insectes, centepides, milipides |
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chelicerates
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-spides, socrpions...
-originated on sea but now on land MALPHIGHIAN TUBULET- helps to absrob oxygen |
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crustaceans
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marine habitiat
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echinoderms
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-radial BUT bilateral features
-most marine -body wall has spines or plates of calcium carbonate -no brain -DEUTEROSTOMES- how they divide cells from embryos -water vascular system |
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examples of echinoderms
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sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars.
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exaples of simple chordates
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tunicit (urochordata)
lancelete (cephalochordata) |
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Notochord
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what supports chordate body
-will develop into vertebrate |
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dorsal nerve cord
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nervous system
develops into spinal cord |
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pharynx
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gills
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chordate charictaristics
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have notocord
-have a dorsal nerve cord -embryos have pharynx -embryos have tail that extends past anus |
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amnion
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sac that surrounds the embryo fluid and embryo
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amnionic cavity
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space or fluid between the amnion and embryo
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allantois
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collects waste
part of the ambillicol cord |
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chorion
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shell that gikds everything else together ONLY IN BRIDS
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bird yolk sac
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keeps nutrients
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mammal yolk sac
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VESTIGAL because we dont use it
-we use the ambilicoll cord |
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Mammal reproduction
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monotremes (platapus)
Placental (humans) Marsupials (kangaroos) |
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Agnathans
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-fish with no jaws
-ectotherm -2 heart chambers -scales as covering -cartilage skeleton |
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Agnathans example
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lamprey
hagfish |
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Chondrichthyes
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-fish with jaws
-ectotherm -2 heart chambers -scales as covering -cartilage skeleton |
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chondrichthyes ex
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sharks
skates rays |
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osteichthyes
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-fish
-ecto -scales -BONE |
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osteichthyes example
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trout
haddock catfish |
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Amphibians
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-ecto
-3 HEART chambers -bone |
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amphibians exaples
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salamanders
frogs toads caecilians |
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reptiles
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-ecto
-3 heart chambers (4 for crocodiles) - scales -bone |
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reptiles example
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turtles
snakes lizzards crocodiles alligators |
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aves
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-birds
-ENDO -4 heart chambers -covered in feathers -bone |
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aves examples
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flightless birds
birds of prey water birds |
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mammals
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-endo
-4 heart chambers -HAIR/FUR -bone |
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mammal examples
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-monotremes
-marsupials -placentals |
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placodermi
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-jawed armored fish
EXTINCT |