541 - Drug Delivery Systems Lab I - Exam Ii - Veterinary Compounding

Front 1

List 7 Veterinary Compounding Label Requirements.

Back 1

1) Name and address of the attending veterinarian, 2) Date dispensed, 3) Medically active ingredients, 4) Identity of animal(s) to be treated (i.e. species, class, group, or individual animals), 5) Directions for use, 6) Cautionary statements, if needed, and 7) Slaughter-withdraw times and / or milk withholding times, if needed.

Front 2

Why should acetaminophen not be administered to cats?

Back 2

Cats have a deficiency of the glucuronyl transferase enzyme required for acetaminophen metabolism, therefore death may occur.

Front 3

How do species differences in hydration during sickness influence dosing considerations?

Back 3

Some species maintain suitable hydration during sickness, while others do not. Hydration alters drug distribution within their bodies as well as drug metabolism and excretion.

Front 4

How does urine pH, which may influence drug excretion rates, differ between herbivores and carnivores?

Back 4

The urinary pH of herbivores is slightly alkaline, while that of carnivores is slightly acidic.

Front 5

How does a dog’s gastrointestinal transit time compare with that of a human?

Back 5

Dogs have a shorter gastrointestinal transit time than do humans (2 hrs vs 4 hrs, respectively).

Front 6

How does a dog’s intestinal villi compare with that of a human?

Back 6

Dogs have longer intestinal villi, which provide more surface area for absorption.

Front 7

How does a dog’s bile salt secretion compare with that of a human? And what implication does this difference have on the absorption of drugs having poor water solubility?

Back 7

Dogs have higher bile salt secretion, which increases the absorption of some drugs having poor water solubility.

Front 8

How does the pH in the intestine of a dog compare with that of humans? And what effect does this have on the absorption of drugs that are weak bases?

Back 8

Dogs have a higher intestinal pH, which leads to better absorption of drugs that are weak bases.

Front 9

How does the basal acid secretion of dogs compare with that of humans?

Back 9

Dogs (and probably cats too) have lower basal acid secretion than people.

Front 10

What special public health consideration must be accounted for in selecting a drug for a food-producing animal?

Back 10

It may be necessary to select a drug having a short half-life to ensure it is readily eliminated from the animal prior to market.

Front 11

What are BCP VetChews?

Back 11

BCP VetChews are soft, easy to chew, medicated pet treats, which are custom compounded to the veterinarian’s specifications.

Front 12

What is one of the most common feline behavioral disorders?

Back 12

Urine spraying is one of the most common feline behavioral disorders.

Front 13

What two medications are routinely advertised by veterinary compounding pharmacies for correcting pet behavioral problems?

Back 13

Transdermal formulations of both buspirone and amitriptyline are routinely advertised by veterinary compounding pharmacies.

Front 14

How does the transdermal absorption of amitriptyline in cats compare with oral absorption?

Back 14

Transdermal absorption of amitriptyline is poor compared with oral absorption.

Front 15

What commercially-available insulin source most closely matches canine insulin?

Back 15

Porcine insulin has merely three amino acid differences and is structurally closest to canine insulin.

Front 16

What, now discontinued, insulin source most closely matches feline insulin?

Back 16

Bovine protamine zinc insulin (PZI), having only one amino acid difference (at site A18), is the closest match to feline insulin.

Front 17

How does insulin dosing for felines differ depending on whether the insulin source is synthetic human insulin versus bovine PZI?

Back 17

Most cats can be regulated with only one dose per day of bovine protamine zinc insulin, as opposed to the twice-a-day routine many cats require when using synthetic human insulin.

Front 18

List six common routes of Veterinary Administration.

Back 18

1) Oral, 2) Parenteral, 3) Implants, 4) Intrammary, 5) Topical, and 6) Body Cavity

Front 19

List seven categories of common foods which are poisonous or dangerous to dogs and why.

Back 19

1) Alcohol (toxic), 2) Chocolate (CNS and Cardiac toxicity from Theobromine), 3) Coffee & Tea (Caffeine), 4) Ham Fat Trimmings (Pancreatitis), 5) Grapes & Raisins (Renal Damage), 6) Milk & Dairy Products (>50% of dogs are lactose intolerant) and 7) Onions & Garlic (Hemolytic Anemia from Thiosulfate)

Front 20

What zoonotic disease are rats infamous for transmitting to humans?

Back 20

Plague

Front 21

What zoonotic disease do deer ticks transmit?

Back 21

Lyme Disease

Front 22

What is a “Zoonotic” Disease?

Back 22

Zoonotic disease refers to diseases that can be passed from animals, whether wild or domesticated, to humans.

Front 23

What are five common means of zoonotic disease transmission?

Back 23

1) Contact w/ animal waste, 2) Direct contact w/ infected animal, 3) Drinking water containing parasite eggs, 4) Consumption of contaminated animal flesh (e.g. tapeworms), and 5) Insect Vectors (fleas, ticks, etc.)

Front 24

What zoonotic disease can elephants transmit to humans?

Back 24

Tuberculosis

Front 25

Describe Anthrax.

Back 25

Anthrax is a bacterial disease of warm blooded animals – particularly cattle and sheep – that is transmissible to humans. It causes severe skin and lung damage.

Front 26

Describe Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

Back 26

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a progressive, fatal disease of the nervous system of domestic animals, transmitted by eating food infected with BSE prion proteins.

Front 27

Describe Lyme Disease

Back 27

Lyme disease is an acute bacterial infection which is usually marked by skin rash, fever, fatigue and chills. Left untreated, it may cause damage to the heart and nervous system.

Front 28

Describe Q-Fever.

Back 28

Q-Fever is a bacterial disease that is marked by high fever, chills, and muscle pain. It is seen in North America, Europe, and parts of Africa, and may be spread by tick bites or by drinking raw milk.

Front 29

What zoonotic disease are bats infamous for carrying? Of what category of disease do they carry several forms affecting humans?

Back 29

Bats are important rabies carriers, and also carry several other viral diseases that can affect humans.

Front 30

What types of zoonotic diseases might cats carry? [Name four specific diseases and one broader category.]

Back 30

Cats may carry the causative organisms for plague, anthrax, cowpox, tapeworm, and many bacterial infections.

Front 31

List five zoonotic diseases dogs may carry.

Back 31

Dogs may carry plague, tapeworm, rabies, Rocky
Mountain Spotted Fever, and Lyme disease.

Front 32

List three zoonotic diseases horses may carry.

Back 32

Horses may carry anthrax, rabies, and Salmonella infections.

Front 33

What types of zoonotic diseases might cattle carry? [Name five specific diseases and two broader categories.]

Back 33

Cattle may carry the organisms that cause anthrax, European tick-borne encephalitis, rabies, tapeworm, Salmonella infections, and many bacterial and viral diseases.

Front 34

What zoonotic disease are pigs best known for carrying? Name three other zoonotic diseases they may carry.

Back 34

Pigs are best known for carrying tapeworm, but may also carry a large number of other infections including anthrax, influenza, and rabies.

Front 35

What types of zoonotic diseases might sheep and goats carry? [Name three specific diseases and two broader categories.]

Back 35

Sheep and goats may carry rabies, European tickborne encephalitis, Salmonella infections, and many bacterial and viral diseases.

Front 36

List two zoonotic diseases rabbits may carry.

Back 36

Rabbits may carry plague and Q-Fever.

Front 37

List five zoonotic diseases birds may carry.

Back 37

Birds may carry 1) Campylobacteriosis , 2) Chlamydia psittaci, 3) Pasteurella multocida, 4) Histoplasma
capsulatum, 5) Salmonellosis, and others.