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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is "Diabetes Mellitus"?
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A heterogeneous primary disorder of carbohydrate metabolism that affects the body's ability to produce or respond to insulin
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What is the effect of insulins made from humans?
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Decreased allergies and antibodies
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What is the effect of insulins made from beef/pork?
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Somewhat more allergy and more antibodies
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What is the effect of insulins made from purified pork?
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Less allergy and antibody risks compared to beef/pork
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What is the difference between U-100 and U-40 insulin?
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Concentration
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Which insulin preparation has the fastest response time?
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Lispro
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Which insulin preparation has the longest duration of action?
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Ultralente
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Which insulin preparation(s) have a fast time of action?
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1) Regular
2) Semilente |
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Which insulin preparation(s) have an intermediate time of action?
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1) NPH
2) Lente |
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What does an insulin mixture of 70/30 mean?
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70% NPH
30% Regular ~~ NPH % / Regular % ~~ |
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What is an example of human regular insulin?
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Humulin R
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What is Humulin R?
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Human regular insulin
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What is Humulin N?
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Human NPH insulin
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What is an example of human NPH insulin?
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Humulin N
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What is an example of human lente insulin?
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Humulin L
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What is Humulin L?
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Human lente insulin
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What is Humalog?
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Lispro insulin
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What is an example of a lispro insulin?
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Humalog
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What is Humulin U?
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Human Ultralente insulin
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What is an example of human ultralente insulin?
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Humulin U
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What is Novolin R?
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Regular insulin
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What is an example of regular insulin?
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Novolin R
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What is Novolin N?
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NPH insulin
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What is an example of NPH insulin (non-human based)?
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Novolin N
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What is Novolin L?
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Lente insulin
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What is an example of lente insulin (non-human based)?
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Novolin L
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What is velosulin?
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Pork regular insulin
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What is an example of pork regular insulin?
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Velosuilin
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What is insulatard NPH?
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Pork NPH insulin
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Does injectable regular insulin have a net charge?
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No, this allows for great stability
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Which insulin can be administered via IV?
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Regular insulin
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What is neutral protamine hagedorn?
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NPH insulin
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How is NPH insulin prepared?
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It is prepared from zinc-insulin crystals which are modified by the addition of protamine, the rod shaped crystals are roughly 30 mircons in length
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What is the length of duration of NPH insulin?
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Intermediate in length
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What is the purpose of mixed, example 70/30, insulins?
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In the past, patients would contaminate vials by mixing each insulin type on their own
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What is the benefit of a 50/50 insulin?
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It has a faster absorption and a higher Cmax
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What is the benefit of 70/30 insulin?
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It achieves an initial insulin response with a more prolonged release of insulin (same AUC)
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What is the length of duration of a lente insulin?
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Intermediate in length
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Why might a lente insulin precipitate a sensitivity reaction?
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It lacks protamine, unlike NPH
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What is an isophane insulin suspension?
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NPH
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What is an insulin zinc suspension?
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Lente insulin
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What is Semilente?
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A rapid-acting insulin preparation
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What is the unique molecular characteristic of lispro insulin?
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An inversion of Lys-Pro on the B-Chain
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What is the unique molecular characteristic of aspart insulin?
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The substitution in of an Asp on the B-Chain
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What is the unique molecular characteristic of glargine insulin?
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The extension, containing Arg-Arg, of the B-chain
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Between the insulin types lispro, aspart, and glargine, which lacks a peak concentration?
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Glargine
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Rank lispro, glargine and aspart in terms of increasing duration
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Aspart, (2.75 hrs), Lispro (3-5 hrs), Glargine (22 hrs)
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Can a hexamer cross a biological membrane?
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No, it must be broken down into a dimer or monomer
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What is "lipohypertrophy"?
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A buildup of fibrous tissue after continual injection into one spot.
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Rank insulin absorption in increasing speeds from the following sites: legs, abdomen (stomach), buttocks, arms
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1) Abdomen
2) Arms 3) Legs 4) Buttocks |
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Which insulin is an exception to the normal speed of absorption?
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Lispro
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What are some of the problems with rubber closures?
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1) Additives of rubber may leech into product
2) "Coring" |
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What are the storage dates of opened and unopened refrigerated insulin vials?
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1) Opened - 28 days
2) Unopened - Until Expiry Date |
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What are the storage dates of opened and unopened room temperature insulin vials?
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1) Opened - 28 Days
2) Unopened - 28 Days |
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What are the storage dates of opened and unopened refrigerated insulin pens?
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1) Opened - Until Expiry Date
2) Unopened - Until Expiry Date |
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What are the storage dates of opened and unopened room temperature insulin pens?
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1) Humalog 75/25 - 10 days
2) Humalog - 28 days 3) Humulin N - 14 days 4) Humulin 70/30 - 10 days |
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How do you handle and store insulin?
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1) Remember it is a fragil protein
2) Never let it freeze 3) Keep in refrigerator whenever possible 4) Keep unrefrigerated insulin as cool as possible and away from heat/light 5) Never shake insulin hard 6) Protect from becoming too cold or too hot |
