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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of cell respiration |
Aerobic/anaerobic |
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Stages of aerobic respiration |
- Glycolysis - Link reaction - Krebs cycle - Oxidative phosphorylation |
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Glycolysis basics (4) |
- Occurs in cytoplasm - Anaerobic - End product is pyruvate - Net energy yield 2ATP/glucose molecule |
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Glycolysis steps (4) |
- Phosphorylation: 2 molecules of ATP help break glucose into Hexose biphosphate (C6PP) - Lysis: C6PP split into triose phosphate (TP) - Each TP molecule phosphorylated again, energy comes from removing hydrogen and adding reducing NAD+ to NADH + H+ - Phosphate molecules are removed, giving 2 molecules of ATP per initial TP, as well as 2 pyruvates (C3) |
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Anaerobic pathways |
- When oxygen not available, respiration cannot go further - In muscle tissue, lactic acid is produced and can be converted to pyruvate in the liver to continue the process - In yeast, non-reversible fermentation takes place, producing ethanol and CO2 |
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Annotate mitochondrion |
A - Outer membrane B - Narrow intermembrane space C - Inner membrane D - Circular DNA E - Matrix F - 70s Ribosomes G - Cristae |
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Link reaction |
- Oxidation and decarboxylation reaction, removal of CO2 and hydrogen
- Coenzyme A required but recycled after reaction |
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Krebs Cycle steps (4) |
1. Acetyl-CoA combines with C4 acceptor molecule to form a C6 molecule, CoA released 2. C6: Oxidation of NAD+ and decarboxylation 3. C5: Oxidation of NAD+ and decarboxylation 4. C4: Synthesis of ATP, oxidation of FAD and NAD+ |
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Oxidative phosphorylation |
- Electron carriers release electrons that help the three proton pumps create a concentration gradient in the intermembrane space - At the final pump, 2 electrons are added to oxygen and hydrogen from the matrix, increasing the gradient - Protons released through ATP synthase - 3ATP/NADH + H - 2ATP/FADH2 |
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Differences between chemiosmosis in photosynthesis and respiration (6) |
1. Stroma instead of matrix 2. NADP instead of NAD+ 3. Thylakoid membranes instead of cristae 4. One proton pump vs. three 5. Inverse chemical equations 6. Starts between membranes vs. Matrix |
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Overall energy production |
- Glycolysis: 2 used 4 produced (2 ATP gain) - Krebs cycle (2 ATP gain) - ETC (32 ATP gain) - 36 total |
