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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The eukaryotic cell's genetic instructions are housed in the ___________ and carried out by the ___________ |
nucleus, ribosomes |
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The nucleus contains most of the ____ in a eukaryotic celk |
DNA |
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Use the information from the DNA to make proteins |
Ribosomes |
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Information Central |
Nucleus |
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Contains most of the cell's genes and is usually the most conspicuos organelle |
Nucleus |
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Encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm |
Nuclear envelope |
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A double membrane in the nucleus |
Nucleur membrane |
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Regulate the entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus |
Nucleuar pores |
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Maintains shape of nucleus; composed of protein |
Nuclear lamina |
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In the nucleus, DNA is organized into discrete units called |
Chromosomes |
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Composed of a single DNA molevule associated with proteins |
Chromosome |
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The DNA and proteins of chromosomes are together called |
Chromatin |
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Chromatin condenses to form discrete _______________ as cell prepares to divide |
Chromosomes |
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Is located within the nucleus and is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis |
Nucleolus |
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Protein factories |
Ribosomes |
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Are particles made of ribosomal RNA and protein |
Ribosomes |
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Carry out protein synthesis |
Ribosomes |
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Ribosomes carry out protein synthesus in two locations |
-cytosol (free ribosomes) -on the outside of the ER or the nuclear envelope (bound ribosomes) |
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Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell |
The endomembrane system |
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Components of the endomembrane system |
-nuclear envelope -ER -Golgi apparatus -lysosomes -vacuoles -plasma membrane |
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The components of the endomembrane system are either continuous or connected via transfer by |
Vesicles |
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Biosynthetic factory |
Endoplasmic reticulum |
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Accounts for more than half of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells |
ER |
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Continuous with the nuclear envelope |
ER |
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Er that lacks ribosomes |
Smooth er |
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Surface is studded with ribosomes |
Rough er |
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Functions of smooth ER |
-synthesizes lipids -metabolizes carbohydrates -detoxifies drugs and poisons -stores calcium ions |
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Functions of rough ER |
-has bound ribosomes, which secrete glycoproteins -distributes transport vesicles -is a membrane factory for the cell |
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Proteins covalently bonded to carbohydrates |
Glycoproteins |
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Proteins surrounded by membrane |
Transport vesicles |
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Shipping and receiving center |
Golgi apparatus |
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The Golgi apparatus consists of flattened membranous sacs called |
Cisternae |
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Functions of Golgi Apparatus |
-modifies product of the ER -manufactures certain macromolecules -sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles |
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Digestive compartments |
Lysosomes |
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A membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules |
Lysosome |
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Can hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids |
Lysosomal enzymes |
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Work best in the acidic environment inside the lysosome |
Lysosomal enzyme |
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Cell engulfs another cell; forms a food vacuole |
Phagocytosis |
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A lysosome fuses with the food vacuole and digests the mecules |
Phagocytosis |
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Lysosome uses enzymes to recycle the cell's own organelles and macromolecules |
Autophagy |
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Diverse maintenance compartment |
Vacuoles |
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A plant cell or fungal cell may have one or several of this derived from endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus |
Vacuoles |
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Formed by phagocytosis |
Food vacuoles |
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Found in many freshwater protists, pump excess water out of cells |
Contractile vacuoles |
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Found in many mature plant cells, hold organic compounds and water |
Central vacuoles |
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A complex and dynamic player in the cell's compartmental organization |
Endomembrane system |
