3Rd Year Important Stuff For Bst Oral Final

Front 1

Absorbable suture materials - Natural

Back 1

Collagen, Chitin, Cat gut (3 C's)

Front 2

Absorbable suture materials - Synthetic (plus brand names)

Back 2

Polyglycolic acid (Dexon), Polyglactin(Vicryl), Polydiaxanone(PDS)

Front 3

Nonabsorbable suture materials - Natural

Back 3

Silk, Linen, Steel (SLS)

Front 4

Nonabsorbable suture materials - Synthetic (plus brand names)

Back 4

Polyamdie (Nylon), Polyester(Ti-cron), Polypropylene(Prolene)

Front 5

Creator of the principle of surgical staplers ?

Back 5

Aladar Petz (1888-1956)..Hungarian of course

Front 6

Properties of an ideal suture material

Back 6

1. Physical (tensile strength, tying capacity, flexibility, smooth, easy to sterilize, etc)
2. Chemical (resistance to bacteria, acids, alkalis, enzymes)
3. Biological (not allergic, not toxic, no carcinogenic effect, no drainage effect, MINIMAL tissue reaction)
*** Low cost

Front 7

3 disinfection components in scrub solutions

Back 7

Izopropyl-alcohol, Hydrogen peroxide, Benzalconiumchlorid

Front 8

3 brand names of scrub solutions

Back 8

Skinman soft N, skinman Asept, Biotensid

Front 9

Steam autocloving (details, what you disinfect with it)

Back 9

120C, 2.5Atm, 15-30min
Use for gowns, isolation towels, instruments

Front 10

Dry heat disinfection (details, what you disinfect with it)

Back 10

160C - 2 hours, 180C - 1 hour
Use for instruments

Front 11

Gas (Ethylene Oxide) disinfection (what you use it for)

Back 11

Gloves, catheters, tubes

Front 12

Gamma radiation (what you use it for)

Back 12

Gloves, suture materials, solutions

Front 13

Cold sterilization (Glutaldehyde)(what you use it for)

Back 13

Plastic devices, endoscopic instruments

Front 14

3 important historical landmarks of disinfection

Back 14

1. Semmelweis (1847) - handwash with chloride of lime
2. Lister (1867) - handwash with soap+carbolic acid
3. Ahlfeld (1896) - handwash with soap+alcohol

Front 15

Skin disinfection solutions (of the operative field)

Back 15

Betadine, Dodesept, Kodan (note Iodine burning or allergy)

Front 16

Stopping the bleeding definitively

Back 16

**Closing the vessel lumen :
*Mechanical (suture, torsion),
*Phyiscal (electrocoagulation, laser coagulation, thermocoagulation (NaCl), Ultrasound)
*Chemical (Dicynon)
*Biological (Bioplast)
**Reconstruction of the vessel lumen (vascular surgery)

Front 17

Treatment of the consequence of bleeding (3 techniques)

Back 17

1. Intravenous (superficial veins of arms, etc)
2. Central venous (for CVP measurement and Total Parenteral Nutrition)

Front 18

Types of laparotomies

Back 18

*Vertical (Midline, Paramedian)
*Transverse (Pfannesteil, transrectal)
*Oblique (subcostal, paracostal, Mcburney)
*Combined
*Laparoscopy

Front 19

Laparotomy - incisions not cutting muscles

Back 19

Midline, Paramedian, Pararectal

Front 20

Laparotomy - incisions dividing muscles

Back 20

Mcburney, Pfannensteil

Front 21

Laparotomy - Incisions cutting muscles

Back 21

Kocher (paracostal), subcostal, inguinal

Front 22

Midline Laparotomy - tissues

Back 22

Skin, Subcutaneous fat, Linea Alba, Tranversalis fascia&preperitoneal fat, Parietal peritoneum

Front 23

Paramedian laparotomy - tissues

Back 23

Skin, subcutaneous fat, anterior rectus sheath, rectus abdominis, posterior rectus sheath, transversalis fascia&preperitoneal fat, parietal peritoneum

Front 24

Steps of laparotomy

Back 24

1. Patient position
2. Orientation
3. Skin preparation
4. Isolation of field
5. Skin incision
6. First isolation line (w/surgical forceps and doynes)
7. Stop the bleeding (Peans, mosquitos)
8. Muscle incision
9. stop bleeding
10. Periotoneum incision (w/surgical forceps or peritoneal clamps, scalpel, peritoneal scissors)
11. Second isolation line (surgical forceps, peritoneal clamps, 2 towel clamps)
12. Expose abdominal cavity (retractors)
13. Orientation in the abdominal cavity

Front 25

Indications for Conicotomy, Tracheostomy

Back 25

1. Dyspnea
2. Inspiratory stridor
3. Cyanosis
4. Unconscious

Front 26

Steps of conicotomy

Back 26

1. Patient position (pillow under shoulders)
2. Orientation
3. Skin incision (2 fingers under thyroid cartilage
4. Cut cricothyroid membrane
5. Keep hole open
4.

Front 27

Tracheostomy steps

Back 27

1. Patient position
2. Skin disinfeciton
3. Isolation, orientation
4. Skin incision
5. Divide muscle (sternohyoid, sternothyroid)
6. Cut pretracheal fascia
7. Cut between 2/3 or 3/4 C ring (T-shape or window)
8. Check before inserting Luer tube, insert luer tube
9. Control
10. Wound closure, fix the tube

Front 28

Intraoperative complications of tracheostomy

Back 28

Injury of nerves (vagus, recurrent laryngeal)
Injury of vessels (carotid, jugular)
Injury of esophagus
Fossa route

Front 29

Postoperative complications of tracheostomy (early, late)

Back 29

Early - hematoma, bleeding, subcutaneous emphysema
Late - Laryngitis sicca, stricture, errosive bleeding

Front 30

Priorities of upper airway obstruction

Back 30

1. Mechanical cleaning, also make sure base of tongue does not obstruct airway
2. Pharyngeal airway. Mask and bag to help the patient breath
3. Endotracheal tube
4. Tracheostomy/Conicotomy

Front 31

Steps in preparation of a venous cannule

Back 31

1. Cut the butterfly needle on a straight position and connect the end to a saline filled syringe
2. Take out the air, clamp the tubuel with a rubber pean close to the syringe
3. Check infusion and clamp it with a rubber pean

Front 32

Mnemonic for Intestinal decatholon

Back 32

Always Wear Condoms On Audi TT, Wait, Count Sperm
Atraumatic, Wet, Clear, Opening of bowl, Anatomy, Types of sutures, Types of anastamoses, Waterproof, Count, Sure

Front 33

Adhesions in intestinal surgery can be caused by

Back 33

1. Serosa problem
2. Traumatic work
3. Bowel wasn't kept wet
4. Not clear work
5. Assistant work
6. Foreign bodies

Front 34

Decathlon of liver (or spleen, kidney, pancreas)

Back 34

2 B's, 4 S's, MAC J
Blood supply, Bioplasts
Segments of liver, Suture types, Suture materials, Surgical tissue adhesives, Moving, Atraumatically, CApsule, Juice problem

Front 35

How many segments does the liver have ? The spleen ?

Back 35

Liver - 5
Spleen - 2/3

Front 36

Juice problem in the liver ? kidney ? spleen ? pancreas ?

Back 36

Liver - bile
Kidney -urine
Spleen - blood
Pancreas - pancreatic juices

Front 37

Bioplast materials (+brand names)

Back 37

Fibrin - Sevac
Gelatine - Gelaspon
Oxidized cellulose - Surgicel
Collagen - Avitene
Collagen+Fibrin - Tachocomb

Front 38

Tissue adhesives materials

Back 38

GRF (Gelatin resorcin formaldehyde), Cyanoacrylat (histoacryl blue), Fibrin sealant (Tissuco-body temp, Beriplast - room temp)

Front 39

Decathlon of vascular surgery

Back 39

TASS NVA OPA
Types of sutures, Anatomy, Sutures, Suture materials, Needles, Vascular clamps, Anastaomses, Operative techniques, Prosthesis, Anticogulants

Front 40

Which suture materials and needle do you use for vascular surgery ?

Back 40

Needle- atruamatic round body, 1/2. Double armamentarium
Suture materials - Nonabsorbable, monofilament (4/0-7/0, 11/0 microsurgical)

Front 41

Types of anastamoses in vascular surgery

Back 41

End-to-end (physiological, difficult,causes stenosis)
End-to-side (in transplantation)
Side-to-side (in liver cirrhosis, portocaval anastamosis)

Front 42

Operative techniques in vascular surgery (incision, preparation, clamping, suturing)

Back 42

Skin incision - parallel or perpendicular
Preparation - hold vessel in hands, clamp both sides of vessel
Clamping smaller branches with bulldogs
Suturing by the Triangular technique (Negative disproportion, isodisproportional, positive disproportion)

Front 43

Won noble prize for the triangular suturing technique of vascular surgery

Back 43

Alexis Carrel, 1912

Front 44

Who invented the cooper scissors ?

Back 44

Sir Asetly cooper

Front 45

Invented Peans

Back 45

Emile Jules Pean

Front 46

Discovered Lumniczer ?

Back 46

Lumniczer Sandor

Front 47

Invented Kocher

Back 47

Theodor Kocher

Front 48

Intestinal surgery technique

Back 48

1. Sceletization - clamp arcuate vessels
2. Put intestinal clamps 3cm from each side of the place to be sutured
3. Make two sutures (?)
4. Close posterior wall
5. Close anterior wall
6. Suture mesentery

Front 49

Capsules of kidney

Back 49

Proper capsule, fatty capsule, renal fascia

Front 50

Segments of kidney

Back 50

5 : apical, lower, upper, middle, posterior

Front 51

Moving and holding in kidney

Back 51

When you hold the kidney the BP drops to 30mmHg, so you need to clamp the hilus before that.

Front 52

Which layer of the blood vessel holds the sutures ?

Back 52

Media

Front 53

What types of sutures do you use in vascular surgerty ?

Back 53

Everting sutures, intima to intima

Front 54

Anesthesia was invented by ?

Back 54

Wells and Morton

Front 55

First successful open heart surgery was performed by ?

Back 55

Blalock, 1944

Front 56

Vascular surgery, famous surgeon ?

Back 56

Cooper