2Nd Parasitology Exam Trematodes Pathology & Treatment

Front 1

Fasciola hepatica

Back 1

Subacute/acute: liver damage from migration; hemorrhage, infl; “black dz” (hepatic clostridial inf) à death Chronic: adults in bile ducts à anemia, hypoproteinemia; liver fibrosis, cholangiohepatitis, calcification + stenosis, liver condemnation Dx: fecal sediment, CS, liver enzymes, necropsy, herd hx CS: loss of condition, weakness, anemia, edema, bottle jaw

Hint 1

PPP = 2mo, life cycle = 3-6mo Geography: Gulf coast, Pacific NW; not endemic NC Tx: drugs, all have withdrawal times; not licensed for breeding dairy cattle Control: snails (molluscicides, drain pasture); grazing (avoid wet), strategic drug control (ivermectin + clorsulon, fall in southern US) Zoonosis: human fascioliasis (Europe, Africa, Cuba, SAmer), Halzoun (raw liver in MidEast, adults in nasopharynx)

Front 2

Fascioloides magna

Back 2

Cervids: minor liver damage, Sheep/goats: severe liver damage, hemorrhage, inflammation; black disease; sudden death, Cattle: minor; liver condemnation, Dx: (wild): fecal sed, necropsy, Domestic (non-patent): necropsy, swampy pasture shared with deer

Hint 2

Geography: scattered thru US, prevents goat/sheep prod in MN, MI, white-tailed deer in NE NC, Tx wild cervids: clorsulon, albendazole, Tx domestic: no good tx, Control: snails (molluscicides, drain pasture), restrict access to wet pasture and wild cervids, Zoonosis: none

Front 3

Paramphistomum cervi

Back 3

Duodenum: hemorrhagic or catarrhal duodenitis, anemia, edema, hypoproteinemia, emaciation, Rumen: minimal pathology, CS: profuse, fetid, fluid diarrhea; Dx: CS, young flukes in feces, necropsy, NO ova during dz, After pathology: fecal sed

Hint 3

PPP 3-5mo, Geography: scattered thru US, other spp in Gulf Coast, No good tx in US (clorsulon ineffective), tx in Europe, Control: snail, grazing control, Zoonosis: NONE

Front 4

Paragonimus kellicotti

Back 4

Lung: bronchiolar inflammation, eosinophilic granulomas in lung, Dx: fecal sed, sputum smear, thoracic rads 3-4w PI, hx, CS: respiratory = lethargy, cough, “rusty” sputum/mucous

Hint 4

PPP 4 weeks, Geography: thru NA, in NC, Tx: albendazole or fenbendazole q24 x 1-3w, Praziquantel TID x 3d, Control: snail control, restrict access to crayfish, Zoonosis: reported

Front 5

Nanophyetus salmincola

Back 5

Flukes: little pathology, Neorickettsia helminthoeca = “salmon poisoning”; severe (50-90% mort); only canids; 5-7d incubation à fever/anorexia, then hemorrhagic enteritis with ocular d/c, V/D, lnn swelling; immunity, Dx: fecal sed, Salmon poisoning: CS, rickettsia in fluid aspirate from mandibular lnn, hx access to raw salmon/trout

Hint 5

PPP 5-8d, Geography: Pacific NW, Tx: fluke: injectable Praziquantel, Salmon poisoning: broad abx, Control: prevent access to raw fish in NW US, Zoonosis: fluke infection YES, salmon poisoning NO

Front 6

Platynosomum fastosum

Back 6

Normally no pathology, Mild anorexia, hepatic dysfunction, Rare severe: icterus, death (“lizard poisoning”), CS: diarrhea, vomiting, Dx: fecal sed, access to lizards/toads

Hint 6

PPP 8-12w, Geography: Florida, SE states, Malaysia, SAmer, CAmer, Caribbean, West Africa, Tx: albendazole, praziquantel, sx removal, Control: restrict access to lizards/toads, Zoonosis: none

Front 7

Eurytrema (Concinnum) procyonis

Back 7

Pancreatic duct fibrosis, pancreatic atrophy, Diagnosis: vomiting, chronic weight loss, fecal sed

Hint 7

Geography: NY, CT, MD,KY, NC, Tx: fenbendazole 6d, Control: restrict outdoor access

Front 8

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Back 8

Nonpathogenic in young, Older: bile duct hyperplasia, hepatic cirrhosis; chronic dz > decreased productivity, Dx: edema, emaciation; fecal sed

Hint 8

Geography: NE US/Canada, around world, Tx: albendazole, high doses, Control: eradicate ant hills, Zoonosis: reported

Front 9

Alaria sp

Back 9

Adults = minor pathology in SI, Tracheal migration of mesocercariae = lung pathology, Dx: resp difficulties, fecal sed

Hint 9

Geography: Uncommon in NC, Alaria canis = NE US, Alaria marcianae = southern US, Tx: albendazole, Praziquantel, Control: restrict outdoor access, Zoonosis: death via resp distress (raw frog legs)

Front 10

Heterobilharzia americana

Back 10

Adults = minor to no pathology, Ova = lodge in mesenteric venules; granulomatous destruction/fibrosis of GI mucosa, > wasting, death, Dx: fecal sed (SALINE!! otherwise they hatch out and eggs sink), miracidial hatching, laparotomy, CS: lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, dehydration

Hint 10

PPP 68 days, Geography: Gulf Coast, GA, SC, NC (more in eastern NC), Tx: Fenbendazole, Praziquantel, Control: prevent access to water, Zoonosis = swamp itch, swimmer’s itch (only cutaneous, immune reaction)

Front 11

Schistosoma sp.

Hint 11

Tropical areas (not NA), One of 6 major human parasites

Front 12

Trichobilharzia, Gigantobilharzia

Back 12

Swimmer’s Itch

Hint 12

Geography: Great Lakes, migratory bird congregations