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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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carpetbaggers
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-sleazy Northerners
-packed all their worldly goods into a carpetbag suitcase at wars end -came to the South for personal power and profit -most were former Union soldiers and Northern businessmen and professionals who wanted to help modernize the "New South" |
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Blanche K. Bruce
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-time period around 1868-1876
-black senator from Mississippi -served in Washington DC -first African American politician to serve a full term in US Senate |
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Hiram Revels
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-time period around 1868-1876
-black senator from Mississippi -served in Washington DC -Republican -filled Jefferson Davis's former spot |
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sharecropping
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-farming system
-done by impoverished former slaves and many landless whites -rent plots of land and pay white landlords in either a fixed rent or a share of their crop |
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spoilsmen
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-label
-given to people who expected government jobs from their party's elected officeholders |
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patronage
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-system
-benefits (including jobs, money, or protection) are granted in exchange for political support -used state resources to reward individuals for their electoral support |
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Jay Gould
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-business partners with Jim Fisk
-millionaire -was the brains of the two -plan in 1869 to corner the gold market -plan would only work if the federal treasury refrained from selling gold -worked on President Grant and his brother-in-law (gave b-i-l $25,000 for compliance) -September 24th, 1869 ("Black Friday"): they bid the price of gold upwards and honest business people couldn't afford it -it stopped when the Treasury (despite what Grant said) released gold |
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Crédit Mobilier
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-railroad construction company
-formed by the insiders of the Union Pacific Railway -scandal: hired themselves to build the railroad line and paid themselves $50,000 a mile when it only cost $30,000 a mile -in one year, paid dividends of 348% -afraid Congress might stop them, they gave shares of stock to important congressmen -NY newspaper exposed scandal in 1872 |
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William Boss Tweed
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-was able to steal $200 million from New York City via bribery, graft, and fraudulent elections (known as the "Tweed Ring")
-luck ran out when New York Times published convicting evidence in 1871 |
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Thomas Nast
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-cartoonist
-made political cartoons against scandals |
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Liberal Republicans
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-made up of reform-minded citizens
-urged purification of the Washington administration and an end to military Reconstruction -"Turn the Rascals Out" |
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Horace Greeley
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-editor of New York Tribunal
-nominated by Liberal Republicans for president of 1872 -unsound political judgement -lost to Grant in election |
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Panic of 1873
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-promoters had laid too much railroad track, made too many mines, opened too many factories, and cleared too many grain fields than the current market could withstand
-bankers had made too many loans to finance these projects -when profits failed to appear, loans went unpaid and economy crashed |
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Greenbacks
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-name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver
-value fluctuated depending on the status of the war |
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Redeemers
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-political group in South
-made mostly of former slave owners -hated Republicans -wanted to "redeem" the south by taking back southern state governments -founded on idea of racism and white supremacy |
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Ku Klux Klan
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-the Invisible Empire of the South
-founded in Tennessee in 1866 -they would spread terror and go robbing, whipping, ravishing, and killing African Americans -wanted to restore white supremacy -wore long white sheets and masks and claimed to be ghosts of the dead confederates from the war |
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Force Acts (1870, 1871)
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-government banned the use of terror, force, or bribery to prevent someone from voting because of their race
-some laws banned KKK entirely and called for military help in order to enforce them |
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Amnesty Act of 1872
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-removed voting restrictions on ex-Confederates, except for top leaders
-allowed southern conservatives to vote for Democrats to retake control of state governments |
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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-19th president of the USA
-Republican -Tilden won popular vote by a small majority, but commission awarded all disputed returns to Hayes -gave him a majority of one in the electoral college -withdrew troops from Louisiana and South Carolina shortly after taking office, ending the Reconstruction era |
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Samuel J. Tilden
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-New York attorney
-gained fame from Tweed case which lead to his presidential nomination -Democrat -won popular vote by small majority -denied office after congressional commission gave all disputed electoral regions to Hayes |
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Compromise of 1877
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-was the election of 1877
-aka the Corrupt Bargain -ballot counts from several southern states disputed Congress created an electoral commission to decide the elections -reports of voting irregularities in the Reconstruction states of Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina -congressional commission gave Hayes all disputed electoral regions causing him to win despite the fact that Tilden won the popular vote by a small majority |
