2Nd 9 Weeks Test

Front 1

ATP (adenine triphosphate) is...

Back 1

a molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes

Front 2

the energy carried by ATP is released when a phosphate group is...

Back 2

removed from the molecule

Front 3

ATP has 3 phosphates, but...

Back 3

the bond holding the third phosphate group is unstable and easily broken

Front 4

ADP (adenine diphosphate) is formed when..

Back 4

the bond is broken, and energy from the ATP is released

Front 5

ADP can be recharged.

Back 5

when the phosphate is added back to the molecule, it is ATP and it can be reused over and over again

Front 6

in photosynthesis, what is combined with what to produce what?

Back 6

carbon dioxide and water are combined with solar energy to produce glucose and oxygen

Front 7

in cellular respiration, what is combined with what to produce what 3 things..?

Back 7

sugar and oxygen are combined to produce carbons dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP molecules

Front 8

PHOTOSYNTHESIS FORMULA

Back 8

6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY > C6H12O6 + 6O2

Front 9

CELLULAR RESPIRATION FORMULA

Back 9

C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + H2O + ENERGY

Front 10

what’s the fluid that fills the chloroplast?

Back 10

stroma, which is rich in proteins & contains enzymes vital for cellular processes

Front 11

thylakoids are..?

Back 11

the internal, membrane-bound compartment formed by thylakoids membranes

Front 12

thylakoids are..?

Back 12

the internal, membrane-bound compartment formed by thylakoids membranes

Front 13

the internal part of the thylakoids is called...

Back 13

lumen, and it contains molecules required for the transport of electrons

Front 14

stacks of thylakoids are called...

Back 14

grana, and are connected to each other through inter grana thylakoids and stroma thylakoids

Front 15

light dependent reactions require?

Back 15

sunlight

Front 16

how do light dependent reactions work?

Back 16

energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into stored chemical energy, in the form of the electron carrier molecule NADPH and the energy currency molecule ATP

Front 17

light independent reactions (Calvins cycle) do not require...

Back 17

sunlight

Front 18

how do light independent reactions work?

Back 18

the energized electrons from the light-dependent reactions are used to provide the energy to form carbohydrates from carbon dioxide molecules

Front 19

glycolysis occurs in..

Back 19

the cytoplasm of cells, outside of mitochondria

Front 20

glycolysis occurs in..

Back 20

the cytoplasm of cells, outside of mitochondria

Front 21

what happens during glycolysis?

Back 21

glucose is split into 2 pyruvic acids, this also creates 4 ATP and 2 NADH electron carrier molecules

Front 22

glycolysis occurs in..

Back 22

the cytoplasm of cells, outside of mitochondria

Front 23

what happens during glycolysis?

Back 23

glucose is split into 2 pyruvic acids, this also creates 4 ATP and 2 NADH electron carrier molecules

Front 24

Kreb’s cycle occurs in the _____ of the mitochondria

Back 24

matrix

Front 25

how does the Kreb’s cycle work?

Back 25

it produces 6 carbon dioxide molecules by combining the carbons from the pyruvic acids with oxygen molecules as well as 8 NADH and 2 FADH2 electron carrier molecules, and 2 ATP that the cell can use for energy

Front 26

the electron transport chain occurs in the _________ of the mitochondria

Back 26

inner membrane, within the cristae

Front 27

how does the electron transport chain work?

Back 27

the ETC uses 10 NADH electron carrier molecules (2 from glycolysis, 8 from the Krebs cycle), 2 FADH2 (from the Krebs cycle), plus the 6 oxygen atoms from the original glucose molecule, and most importantly, 34 ADP and P that are waiting to be combined by the ATP synthase (an enzyme that makes ATP).

Front 28

how does the electron transport chain work? (part two)

Back 28

the electrons from the electron carrier molecules hop down the ETC and the H+ ions from the electron carrier molecules go across the inner membrane through active transport, they then charge back out through facilitated diffusion through the ATP synthase.

Front 29

how does the electron transport chain work? (part two)

Back 29

the electrons from the electron carrier molecules hop down the ETC and the H+ ions from the electron carrier molecules go across the inner membrane through active transport, they then charge back out through facilitated diffusion through the ATP synthase.

Front 30

what are the products of the electron transport chain?

Back 30

34 ATP

Front 31

_______ will occur to produce energy if cellular respiration runs out of oxygen

Back 31

fermentation