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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Long bones
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- typically longer than they are wide.
- have a shaft with heads at both ends - Contain mostly compact bone. Ex. Femur, humerus |
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Short bones
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- Generally cube shaped
- contain mostly spongy bone Ex. Carpals, tarsals |
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Flat bones
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- thin, flattened, and usually curved
- two thin layers of compact bone surrounded a layer of spongy bone. Ex. Skull, ribs, sternum |
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Irregular bones
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- irregular shape
- do not fit into any other bone classification categories. Ex. Vertebrae, hip bones |
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Diaphysis
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- Shaft
- composed of compact bone |
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Epiphysis
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- end of the bone
- composed mostly of spongy bone. |
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Sharpy's fibers
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- secure periosteum to underlying bone
- arteries - supply bone cells with nutrients. |
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Coccyx
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- formed from the fusion of three to five vertebrae
- tailbone |
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Osteoclasts
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Bone destroying cells
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Osteocytes
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Mature bone cells
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Ossification
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Bone growth
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Epiphyseal plate
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Allow for length wise growth of long bones during childhood
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Canaliculi
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- Tiny canals
- Radiate from the central canal to lacunae. - Form a transport system connecting all bone cells to a nutrient supply |
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Lacunae
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- cavities containing bone cells ( osteocytes)
-arranged in concentric rings. |
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Compact bone
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Homogenous
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Spongy bone
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- small needle like pieces of bone
- many open spaces |
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Axial skeleton
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- forms the longitudinal axis of the body.
- divined into 3 parts - skull, vertebral column, bony thorax |
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Bursae
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Flattened fibrous fluid sacs
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Cervical
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7 vertebrae are in neck
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Endomysium
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Encloses a single muscle fiber.
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Tendons
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Cord like structures
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Sarcolemma
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Specialized plasma membrane
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Myofibrils
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Long organelles inside muscle cell.
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Sarcomere
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Contracture unit of a muscle fiber.
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Synaptic cleft
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- gap between nerve and muscle
- nerve and muscle do not make contact - area between never and muscle is filled with interstitial fluid. |
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Acetylcholine
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Attaches to receptors on the Sarcolemma.
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Origin
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Attachment to a movable bone
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Insertion
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Attachment to a immovable bone
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Femur
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- the heaviest, strongest bone in the body
- the thigh has one bone |
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CNS
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Central nervous system
- Brain and spinal cord |
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PNS
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Peripheral nervous system
- nerves outside the brain and spinal cord • spinal never and cranial nerves |
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Schwann cells
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Form myelin sheath in the PNS
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Gray matter
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Cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers.
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Bipolar neuron
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One axon and one dendrite
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Unipolar neuron
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Have a short single process leaving the cell body
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Broca's area
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Involved in our ability to speak.
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Brain Stem
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-attaches to the spinal cord
- parts of the brain stem -MIDBRAIN - PONS -MEDULLA OBLONGATA |
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Diencephalon
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-sits on top of brain stem
-enclosed by cerebral hemispheres -made of three parts 1.HYPOTHALAMUS 2.EPITHALAMUS 3.THALAMUS |
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Sternum
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Breast bone
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Floating ribs
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Not attached to sternum
11-12 |
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True ribs
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1-7
Are attached to sternum |
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Phalanges
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Fingers and toes
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Patella
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Knee (anterior side)
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Appendicular skeleton
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Arms, legs the appendages
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Hyoid bone
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- the only bone that does not articulate with another
- serves as a movable base for the tongue - aids in swallowing and speech |
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Frontanels
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- fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones
- allow the brain to grow - covert to bone within 24 months after birth |