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46 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Long bones
- typically longer than they are wide.
- have a shaft with heads at both ends
- Contain mostly compact bone.
Ex. Femur, humerus
Short bones
- Generally cube shaped
- contain mostly spongy bone
Ex. Carpals, tarsals
Flat bones
- thin, flattened, and usually curved
- two thin layers of compact bone surrounded a layer of spongy bone.
Ex. Skull, ribs, sternum
Irregular bones
- irregular shape
- do not fit into any other bone classification categories.
Ex. Vertebrae, hip bones
Diaphysis
- Shaft
- composed of compact bone
Epiphysis
- end of the bone
- composed mostly of spongy bone.
Sharpy's fibers
- secure periosteum to underlying bone
- arteries
- supply bone cells with nutrients.
Coccyx
- formed from the fusion of three to five vertebrae
- tailbone
Osteoclasts
Bone destroying cells
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells
Ossification
Bone growth
Epiphyseal plate
Allow for length wise growth of long bones during childhood
Canaliculi
- Tiny canals
- Radiate from the central canal to lacunae.
- Form a transport system connecting all bone cells to a nutrient supply
Lacunae
- cavities containing bone cells ( osteocytes)
-arranged in concentric rings.
Compact bone
Homogenous
Spongy bone
- small needle like pieces of bone
- many open spaces
Axial skeleton
- forms the longitudinal axis of the body.
- divined into 3 parts
- skull, vertebral column, bony thorax
Bursae
Flattened fibrous fluid sacs
Cervical
7 vertebrae are in neck
Endomysium
Encloses a single muscle fiber.
Tendons
Cord like structures
Sarcolemma
Specialized plasma membrane
Myofibrils
Long organelles inside muscle cell.
Sarcomere
Contracture unit of a muscle fiber.
Synaptic cleft
- gap between nerve and muscle
- nerve and muscle do not make contact
- area between never and muscle is filled with interstitial fluid.
Acetylcholine
Attaches to receptors on the Sarcolemma.
Origin
Attachment to a movable bone
Insertion
Attachment to a immovable bone
Femur
- the heaviest, strongest bone in the body
- the thigh has one bone
CNS
Central nervous system
- Brain and spinal cord
PNS
Peripheral nervous system
- nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
• spinal never and cranial nerves
Schwann cells
Form myelin sheath in the PNS
Gray matter
Cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers.
Bipolar neuron
One axon and one dendrite
Unipolar neuron
Have a short single process leaving the cell body
Broca's area
Involved in our ability to speak.
Brain Stem
-attaches to the spinal cord
- parts of the brain stem
-MIDBRAIN
- PONS
-MEDULLA OBLONGATA
Diencephalon
-sits on top of brain stem
-enclosed by cerebral hemispheres
-made of three parts
1.HYPOTHALAMUS
2.EPITHALAMUS
3.THALAMUS
Sternum
Breast bone
Floating ribs
Not attached to sternum
11-12
True ribs
1-7
Are attached to sternum
Phalanges
Fingers and toes
Patella
Knee (anterior side)
Appendicular skeleton
Arms, legs the appendages
Hyoid bone
- the only bone that does not articulate with another
- serves as a movable base for the tongue
- aids in swallowing and speech
Frontanels
- fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones
- allow the brain to grow
- covert to bone within 24 months after birth