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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is HIV diagnosed?
when might there be a false negative? |
ELISA, confirmed w/ Western Blot
w/i first 2 weeks of infection |
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All persons at risk should be tested, who does that include? |
sexually active IV drug use blood transfusion partners of infected individuals Infant born vaginally from infected mom
(all pregnant women should also be offered testing) |
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T/F HIV/AIDS is a reportable disease & pts are required to inform contacts |
TRUE |
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How does acute retroviral syndrome present 2-6 wks after HIV infection?
10% of pts w/ an HIV infection may also present w/ _________ but many are asymptomatic |
fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, headache, arthralgias (lasts 1-3 wks, only occurs in 50% pts)
acute aseptic meningitis (worst headache of life) |
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A diagnosis of AIDs in an adult pt (< 13 yrs) is made when the pt is; HIV + AND ______________ or _______________ |
HIV+ AND
CD4+ < 200 (14%) or has been diagnosed w an AIDS-defining illness |
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What are some AIDS-defining illnesses for children that do not apply to adults? |
Multiple recurrent bacterial infections Lymphpoid Intersitial Pneumonia Pulmonary Lymphoid Hyperplasia
(NOTE: adolescents w HIV progress at slower rate to AIDS, only 30% in 10 yrs opposed to 50% in adults) |
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When CD4 count is < _________ opportunistic infections begin to appear, when CD4 < _______ mortality w/i 1-2 yrs is common |
CD4 < 200 --> opportunistic infections
CD4 < 50 --> death (^mycobacterium avium-intracellulare common) |
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What are some manifestations in women, that would alert you that they may have AIDS? |
-recurrent Candida vaginitis (CD4 > 200) -recurrent HSV outbreaks -cervical dysplasia & HPV (HIV+ need pap smears every 6 months)
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What should you always check for on PE of HIV+ pt? |
-HEENT: oral cavity- ulcers, Kaposi's sarcoma, thrush, hairy leukoplakia, & herpetic ulcers eyes- fundi for CMV retinitis
-check lymph nodes, spleen, liver span -complete neurological exam |
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What vaccines are especially important for HIV+ patients? |
-yearly FLU vaccine -pneumococcal vaccine -Hep B vaccine
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When should you start Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in an HIV/AIDs pt? |
- asymptomatic HIV w/ CD4 < 200 or -symptomatic AIDs or -when patient requests |
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T/F W/o Tx, a pt w symptomatic AIDS has a high risk of death w/i 3-18 months |
TRUE |
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Prophylactic tx is very important in an HIV/AIDS pt w/ CMV retinits to prevent ____________ |
blindness |
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What symptoms are highly associated w/ advanced AIDS (CD4 < 50)? |
-Gastroesophageal disorders- severe diarrhea (may be d/t meds or Clostridium difficile infection) -Genitourinary disorders -Nervous system disorders- dementia complex (dementia progresses slowly, high risk of toxoplamosis) |
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In an HIV+ pt w/ CD4 > 200, what are the common causes of respiratory infections? |
CAP--> S. pneumoniae & H. influenza |
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What is a common cause of pneumonia in pts, w/ CD4 < 200?
How can this be confirmed? |
pnuemocystis carinii
confirmed w silver stain
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T/F A nurse is stuck w/ and HIV+ needle, they are very likely to acquire HIV |
FALSE
(very low likelihood of needle-stick tranmission, < 1%) |
