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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is classified as a living organism by biologists? |
Bacterium |
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Evidence indicates all life on earth today has a single common ancestor: T/F |
True |
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A prerequisite for survival of life on land was the accumulation of a protective layer of: |
Ozone in the atmosphere |
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Every living organism on earth can be assigned to one of three separate: |
Domains |
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What is the correct order of the levels of complexity of life? |
Cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, community |
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A systems analysis approach to understanding how biological systems function is used to: |
Predict how a complicated metabolic network will change over time. |
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Mutations are: |
alterations in an organisms DNA |
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Which trait or function is the same in muscle cells and brain cells? |
Genome |
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Evolutionary theory is a: |
Body of facts that allow us to make predictions. |
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In biological membranes, the phospholipids are arranged in a _________, with the _________. |
Bilayer; fatty acids pointing towards each other. |
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The existence of a concentration gradient of glucose across a membrane means that: |
The glucose molecules are more crowded on one side of the molecule. |
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The difference between osmosis and diffusion is that: |
Osmosis refers to the movement of water, diffusion refers to the movement of any type of molecule. |
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When places in water, wilted plants lose their limpness because: |
Osmosis of water into the plant cells. |
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If a red blood cell is placed in an isotonic solution, it will: |
Take up and release water in equal rates. |
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Which is the driving force behind diffusion? |
Concentration gradient |
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Which transport system can move an ion across a plasma membrane against its concentration gradient without using ATP? |
Secondary active transport |
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Chemical signals reaching a cell deep inside a multicellular organism may come from: |
The brain The lymphatic system Glands Other cell types |
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Which of the following is not true? Both chloroplasts and mitochondria_______________. 1) have their own DNA 2) are part of the endomembrane system 3) have multiple membranes 4) are capable of reproducing themselves |
2) are part of the endomembrane system |
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Which of the following is true of osmosis? 1) Osmosis only takes place in red blood cells. 2) Osmosis is an energy-demanding or "active" process 3) In osmosis, solutes move across a membrane from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher water concentration 4) In osmosis, water moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration |
3) In osmosis, solutes move across a membrane from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher water concentration |
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In a bacterium, we will find DNA in __________. 1) mitochondia 2) a membrane-enclosed nucleus 3) ribosomes 4) the nucleoid |
4) the nucleoid |
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A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely ________. 1) primarily producing proteins in the cytosol 2) enlarging its vacuole 3) primarily producing proteins for secretion 4) constructing an extensive cell wall or extracellular matrix |
1) primarily producing proteins in the cytosol |
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Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? 1) peroxisome 2) vacuole 3) golgi apparatus 4) lysosome |
2) vacuole |
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Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? 1) Prokaryotes have cells while eukaryotes do not 2) Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes 3) Prokaryotes are generally larger than eukaryotes 4) Prokaryotes are not able to carry out aerobic respiration, relying instead on anaerobic metabolism |
2) Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes |
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A sodium-potassium pump __________. 1) moves three potassium ions out of a cell, and two sodium ions into a cell while consuming 2 ATP in each cycle 2) moves three sodium ions out of a cell, and two potassium ions into a cell while generating an ATP in each cycle 3) moves three potassium ions out of a cell, and two sodium ions into a cell while producing an ATP in each cycle 4) moves three sodium ions out of a cell, and two potassium ions into a cell while consuming an ATP in each cycle |
4) moves three sodium ions out of a cell, and two potassium ions into a cell while consuming an ATP in each cycle |
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Diffusion _______. 1) is very rapid over long distances 2) is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration 3) requires integral proteins in a cell membrane 4) requires an expenditure of energy by the cell |
2) is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration |
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What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily? 1) small and hydrophobic 2) ionic 3) large polar 4) large and hydrophobic |
1) small and hydrophobic |
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Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? 1) Bacteria and archaea 2) Bacteria and eukarya 3) Archaea and protista 4) Bacteria and protista |
1) Bacteria and archaea |
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The extracellular matrix is thought to participate in the regulation of animal cell behaviour by communicating information from the outside to the inside of the cell via which of the following? 1) Integrins 2) the nucleus 3) Gap junctions 4) DNA and RNA |
1) Integrins |
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The cell walls of bacteria, fungi and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following characteristic is a common feature of all these extracellular structures? 1) They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface area to volume 2) They are composes of a mixture of lipids and nucleotides 3) They must block water and small molecules to regulate the exchange of matter and energy with their environment 4) They are constructed of polymers that are synthesised in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell |
4) They are constructed of polymers that are synthesised in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell |
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The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved _____________. 1) Endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell - the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria 2) anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen - the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts 3) Acquisition of an endomembrane system and the subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi 4) An endosymbiotic fungal cell evolving into the nucleus |
1) Endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell - the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria |
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Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells? 1) Desmosomes 2) extracellular matrix 3) Tight junctions 4) Gap junctions |
4) Gap junctions |
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Cell size is limited by___________. 1) The surface area of mitochondria in the cytoplasm 2) The number of proteins within a plasma membrane 3) Surface to volume ratios 4) The size of the endomembrane system |
3) Surface to volume ratios |
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Cell membranes are asymmetrical. Which of the following statements is the most likely explanation for the membrane's asymmetrical nature? 1) Proteins only function in the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane, which results in the membranes asymmetrical nature 2) The two sides of a cell membrane face different environments and carry out different functions 3) Since the cell membrane forms a border between one cell and another in tightly packed tissues such as epithelium, the membrane must be asymmetrical 4) Since all cell membranes communicate signals from one organism to another, the cell membranes must be asymmetrical |
2) The two sides of a cell membrane face different environments and carry out different functions |
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Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through__________. 1) Plasmodesmata 2) desmosomes 3) gap junctions 4) tight jucntions |
3) Gap junctions |
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Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? A) chloroplast B) central vacuole C) mitochondrion D) centriole |
C) mitochondrion |
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Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? A) mitochondrion B) ribosome C) chloroplast D) ER |
B) ribosome |
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Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells? A) mitochondria B) microtubules C) centrosomes D) peroxisomes |
C) centrosomes |
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Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane? A) DNA B) amino acids C) mRNA D) phospholipids |
C) mRNA |
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A cell with an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is specialized to _____. A) play a role in storage B) synthesize large quantities of lipids C) actively export protein molecules D) import and export protein molecules |
B) synthesize large quantities of lipids |
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Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system? A) nuclear envelope B) chloroplast C) Golgi apparatus D) plasma membrane |
B) chloroplast |
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The Golgi apparatus has a polarity, or sidedness, to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity? A) Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. B) Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. C) Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. D) All of the listed responses correctly describe polarity characteristics of the Golgi function. |
D) All of the listed responses correctly describe polarity characteristics of the Golgi function. |
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Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? A) rough ER B) plasmodesmata C) Golgi vesicles D) free cytoplasmic ribosomes |
A) rough ER |
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Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in _____. A) chloroplasts B) mitochondria C) lysosomes D) nuclei |
A) chloroplasts |
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In a plant cell, DNA may be found _____. A) only in the nucleus B) only in the nucleus and chloroplasts C) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts D) in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes |
C) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts |
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Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes attached to the ER? A) in the extracellular matrix B) in the Golgi apparatus C) in mitochondria D) in the nucleolus |
C) in mitochondria |
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Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true? A) The cytoskeleton of eukaryotes is a static structure most resembling scaffolding used at construction sites. B) Although microtubules are common within a cell, actin filaments are rarely found outside of the nucleus. C) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. D) Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would have little effect on a cell's response to external stimuli. |
C) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. |
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In plant cells, the middle lamella _____. A) allows adjacent cells to adhere to one another B) prevents dehydration of adjacent cells C) maintains the plant's circulatory system D) allows for gas and nutrient exchange among adjacent cells |
A) allows adjacent cells to adhere to one another |
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Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? A) rough ER B) lysosomes C) plasmodesmata D) Golgi vesicles E) free cytoplasmic ribosomes |
A) rough ER |
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Which type of organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells? A) ribosomes B) mitochondria C) nuclei D) plastids E) none of these |
D) plastids |
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Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system? A) It is a static structure. B) Its structure is not derived from the ER or Golgi. C) It has too many vesicles. D) It is not involved in protein synthesis. E) It is not attached to the outer nuclear envelope. |
B) Its structure is not derived from the ER or Golgi. |
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Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures? A) microtubules and motor proteins B) actin filaments and microtubules C) actin filaments and ribosomes D) centrioles and motor proteins E) actin filaments and motor proteins |
A) microtubules and motor proteins |
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Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella? A) centrosomes B) laminin C) actin D) intermediate filaments E) secretory vesicles |
A) centrosomes |
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What do the cell walls of plants and the extracellular matrix of animal cells have in common? A) They are largely composed of phospholipids and glycoproteins. B) Their proteins are made by free cytoplasmic ribosomes. C) They form rigid structures that provide structural support for cells but limit their expansion. D) They limit the passage of small molecules. E) They have functional connections with the cytoskeleton inside the cell. |
E) They have functional connections with the cytoskeleton inside the cell. |
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Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system? A) nuclear envelope B) chloroplast C) Golgi apparatus D) plasma membrane E) ER |
B) chloroplast |
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The citric acid cycle: A) has no connection with the respiratory chain. B) takes place in the mitochondrion C) reduces two NAD+ for every glucose processed D) produces no ATP |
B) takes place in the mitochondrion |
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The citric acid cycle begins with: A) glucose B) pyruvate C) acetyl CoA D) NADH & H+ E) ATP Synthsase |
C) acetyl CoA |
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The hydrogen ion gradient is maintained by: A) Electron transport and proton pumping B) the splitting of water C) the ionisation of glucose D) ATP synthase E) acetyl COA |
A) Electron transport and proton pumping |
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Which process occurs when oxygen is not available? A) pyruvate oxidation B) the citric acid cycle C) fermentation D) electron transport chain E) chemiosmosis |
B) fermentation |
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Fermentation A) takes places in the mitochondrion B) takes place in all animal cells C) does not require oxygen D) requires lactic acid E) prevents glycolysis |
C) does not require oxygen
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Compared with fermentation, the aerobic pathways of glucose metabolism produce: A) more ATP B) pyruvate C) fewer protons for pumping in the mitochondria D) less CO2 E) more oxidised coenzymes |
A) more ATP |
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The formation of ethanol from pyruvate is an example of: A) an exergonic reaction B) an extra source of energy as the result of glycolysis C) a fermentation process that takes places in the absence of oxygen D) cellular respiration E) chemiosmosis |
C) a fermentation process that takes places in the absence of oxygen |
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Animals inhale air containing oxygen and exhale air with less oxygen and more carbon dioxide. After inhalation, the oxygen missing from the air will mostly be found in: A) water B) organic molecules C) ethanol D) lactate E) the carbon dioxide that is exhaled |
A) water |
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In all cells, glucose metabolism begins with A) glycolysis B) fermentation C) pyruvate oxidation D) the citric acid cycle E) chemiosmosis |
A) glycolysis |
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The Citric Acid Cycle A) has no connection with the respiratory chain B) takes place in the mitochondrion C) reduces NAD+ for every glucose processed D) produces no ATP E) Is the same thing as fermentation |
B) takes place in the mitochondrion |
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The citric acid cycle begins with: A) glucose B) pyruvate C) acetyl CoA E) ATP synthase |
C) acetyl CoA |
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In the cell, the site of oxygen utilisation is the: A) nucleus B) chloroplast C) endoplasmic reticulum D) mitochondrion E) cytosol |
D) mitochondrion |
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The chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by: A) osmotic movement of water into an area of high solute concentration B) the additons of protons to ADP and the phosphate via enzymes C) oxidating phosphorylation D) proton motive force E) isocitrate dehyrogenase |
D) proton motive force |
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The formation of enthanol from pyruvate is an example of: A) an exergonic reaction B) an extra source of energy as the result of glycolysis C) a fermentation process that takes place in the absence of oxygen D) cellular respiration E) chemiosmosis |
C) a fermentation process that takes place in the absence of oxygen |
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Yeast cells tend to create anaerobic conditions and therefore: A) exhibit a red pigment B) exhibit a green pigment C) die D) produce ethanol E) none of the above |
D) produce ethanol |
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Before starch can be used for respiratory ATP production, it must be hydrolysed to: A) pyruvate B) fatty acids C) amino acids D) glucose E) oxaloacetate |
D) glucose |
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Compared to fermentation, the aerobic pathways of glucose metabolism produce: A) more ATP B) pyruvate C) fewer protons for pumping in the mitochondria D) less CO2 E) more oxidised coenzymes |
A) more ATP |
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Which statement about ATP is true? A) The synthesis of ATP is an energy-neutral reaction B) The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi is an exergonic reaction C) The phosphate bond energy of ATP is used to power catabolic metabolism D) ATP is a building block of protein E) The phosphate energy group of ATP may be transformed into energy in a magnetic field |
B) The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi is an exergonic reaction |
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The main function of photosynthesis is the A) production of starch B) consumption of CO2 C) production of O2 D) conversion of light energy to chemical energy E) production of ATP |
D) conversion of light energy to chemical energy |
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Which statement about redox reactions is true? A) A molecule that donates electrons is said to be reduced B) Oxidising agents donate electrons C) Oxidising agents accept electrons and are reduced in the process D) A molecule that accepts electrons is said to be oxidised E) Oxidising agents accept electrons, reducing another molecule |
C) Oxidising agents accept electrons and are reduced in the process |
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Which of the following processes does not occur in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells? A) Electron transport chain B) Oxidative phosphorylation C) Citric Acid Cycle D) Creation of a proton gradient E) Fermentation |
E) Fermentation |
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In plants, cyclic electron flow and noncyclic electron flow serve to: A) Synthesize equal amounts of ATP and NADPH in the chloroplast B) produces excess NADPH C) meet the ATP demands of the Calvin Cycle D) Produce O2 for the atmosphere E) Consume the products of the Calvin Cycle |
C) meet the ATP demands of the Calvin Cycle |
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Photosynthesis occurs: A) only in plant cells lacking mitochondria B) only in the stroma C) only in photosynthetic plant cells D) in all plant cells E) only on the thylakoid membrane |
C) only in photosynthetic plant cells |
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Which statement about receptors and enzymes is true? A) Most receptors and enzymes are nucleic acids B) Receptors and enzymes are not spcific for the molecules they bind C) Both receptors and enzymes may be integral membrane proteins D) Receptor ligands, like enzyme substrates, are altered during signal transduction E) Receptors generally have enzymatic activity |
C) Both receptors and enzymes may be integral membrane proteins |
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Which statement best characterises the properties of a photosystem? B) A photosystem is a complex of pigments, proteins, and reaction center chlorophyll C) A photosystem consists of reaction center chlorophylls only D) Photosystems do not contain proteins E) A photosystem consists of antennae pigments only |
B) A photosystem is a complex of pigments, proteins, and reaction center chlorophyll |
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The main function of cellular respiration is the: C) recovery of NAD+ from NDAPH D) elimination of excess glucose from the cell E) conversion of energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose to an energy form that cells can use |
E) conversion of energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose to an energy form that cells can use |
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Plants give off O2 because A) O2 is synthesised in the Calvin Cycle B) Water is the intial electron donor, leaving O2 as the photosynthetic by-product C) O2 results from the incorporation of CO2 into sugars D) electrons moving down the electron chain bind to water, releasing O2 E) they do not respire; they photosynthesise |
B) Water is the intial electron donor, leaving O2 as the photosynthetic by-product |
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The end products of glycolysis are: A) pyruvate B) pyruvate, ATP and NAD+ C) acetyl CoA, ATP and NAD+ E) pyruvate, ATP and NADH |
E) pyruvate, ATP and NADH |
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The sodium-potassium pump (or NA+ - K+ pump) A) is present in endomembranes B) pumps K+ out of cells D) results in the formation of NA+ concentration gradient across the cell membrane E) is an example of a secondary active transporter |
D) results in the formation of NA+ concentration gradient across the cell membrane |
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Which of the following best represent the components necessary for photosynthesis: A) Chlorophyll, accessory pigments, visible light, water, and O2 B) chloroplasts, accessory pigments, visible light, water and O2 C) mitochondria, accessory pigments, visible light, water, and CO2 D) Chlorplasts, chlorophyll, visible light, water, and CO2 E) mitochondria, chlorophyll, visible light, water and O2 |
D) Chlorplasts, chlorophyll, visible light, water, and CO2 |
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During Meiosis I in humans, each daughter cells receives: B) a mixture of maternal and paternal chromosomes C) The same number of chromosomes as that of a diploid cell D) A sister chromatid from each chromosome E) One forth the amount of DNA that is in the parent nucleus |
B) a mixture of maternal and paternal chromosomes |
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Sexual reproduction increases genetic variability through: A) The exchange of genetic information between male and female gametes during meiosis I. B) The random separation of homologous chromosomes C) The union of male and female gametes D) Crossing over, independent assortment, and random fertilisation E) Random assortment of male and female chromosomes |
D) Crossing over, independent assortment, and random fertilisation |
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A triploid plant has: A) One extra chromosome B) one extra set of chromosomes C) three chromosomes D) Three times the chance of surviving that a monoploid has E) cells fuse in sets of three |
B) one extra set of chromosomes |
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The formation of tetrads occurs in: A) Mitosis only B) Meiosis only C) both Mitosis and Meiosis D) Neither Mitosis or Meiosis |
B) Meiosis only |
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Which of the following is NOT a function of checkpoints in the cell cycle. A) DNA damage B) Errors in DNA replication C) Correct alignment of tetrads D) Chromosomes correctly attached to the spindle |
C) Correct alignment of tetrads |
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Haploid cells produced by meiosis are genetically different from one another and from the parent cell. A) True B) False |
A) True |
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Some cells never divide and are arrested in: B) Cytokinesis C) G1 Phase D) S Phase E) G2 Phase |
C) G1 Phase |
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In formulating his theory of evolution, Darwin used information available to him through observation and common knowledge, including that: A) Populations do not change over time, though individuals within a population do B) The fossil record includes all forms of present day life C) Offspring differ from their parents and that populations of species display variation D) Genes are the basis for inheritance and that mutations in DNA lead to evolutionary change E) Cells pass on their genetic material through cell division and all cells within an organism have the same genome |
C) Offspring differ from their parents and that populations of species display variation |
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Which of the following is the most probable order of appearance of molecules and structures that led to the evolution of life on earth? B) nucleic acids, proteins, membranes, cells C) proteins, cells, nucleic acids, membranes D) proteins, membranes, nucleic acids, cells E) membranes, nucleic acids, proteins, cells |
B) nucleic acids, proteins, membranes, cells |
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Which statement about enzymes is true? B) they are rarely regulated C) they are consumed by the enzyme-mediated reaction D) they are not altered by the enzyme-mediated reaction E) they raise activation energy |
D) they are not altered by the enzyme-mediated reaction |
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Nuclear DNA exists in a complex with proteins, together called ____________; the proteins attached to the DNA help to condense the __________ during cellular division. A) Chromosomes; chromatin B) Chromatin; chromosomes C) Chromatids; chromosomes D) Chromatids; chromatin E) chromophores; chromatin |
B) Chromatin; chromosomes |
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The movement of cells in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is accomplished by which of the following structures? B) Pili C) Cell membranes D) Dynein E) Cilia |
A) Flagella |
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Which statement about the nucleus of animal cells is true? B) The nucleus is the site of protein synthesis C) It powers the cell E) It occupies the smallest volume of the cell |
D) DNA in the nucleus combines with proteins |
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Which molecule will cross a cell membrane most easily? B) A highly polar molecule such as water C) A lipid-soluble such as testosterone D) A small molecule such as glucose E) Genetic material such as DNA |
C) A lipid-soluble such as testosterone |
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Of the following, the _________, which is enclosed in a membrane, has the greatest amount of internal surface area. A) Chloroplast B) Endoplasmic reticulum C) Nucleus D) Mitochondrion E) Ribosome |
D) Mitochondrion |
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The main function of cellular respiration is the: B) conversation of kinetic to potential energy C) recovery of NAD+ from NADPH D) conversion of energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose to an energy form that the cell can use E) creation of energy in the cell |
D) conversion of energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose to an energy form that the cell can use |
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When placed in water, wilted plants lose their limpness because of A) active transport of salts into the water from the plant cells B) osmosis of water from the plant cells C) osmosis of water into the plant cells D) diffusion of water from the plant cells E) active transport of salts from the water into the plant cells |
C) osmosis of water into the plant cells |
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Osmosis is a specific form of A) pinocytosis B) secondary active transport C) diffusion D) active transport E) movement of water by carrier proteins |
C) diffusion |
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When a molecule loses hydrogen atoms (as opposed to hydrogen ions), it becomes: A) hydrogenated B) redoxed C) reduced D) oxidised E) hydrolysed |
D) oxidised |
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Because of the properties of chlorophyll, plants need adequate _________ light to grow properly. A) infrared B) green C) blue and blue-green D) ultraviolet E) blue and red |
E) blue and red |
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the enzyme rubisco is found in: B) chloroplasts C) mitochondria D) yeast E) the nucleus |
B) chloroplasts |
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If a cell has an abundant supply of ATP, acetyl CoA may be used: B) to convert glucose to glycogen C) for fatty acid synthesis D) to enhance fermentation E) to enhance oxidative metabolism |
C) for fatty acid synthesis |
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During photosynthesis in green plants, water is: B) oxidised to O2 in the light C) reduced to hydrogen gas D) used to hydrolyse ATP E) oxidised to O2 in the dark |
B) oxidised to O2 in the light |
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In animals, cell recognition A) is usually heterotypic B) involves proteins in plasma membranes C) involves only glycolipids D) involves soluble proteins E) is mediated by the lipid bilayer |
B) involves proteins in plasma membranes |
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After the removal of carbon, the oxygen in CO2 ends up A) attached to hydrogen to form water B) as atmospheric oxygen C) in the soil D) as rubisco E) attached to carbon and hydrogen to form sugar (G3P) |
A) attached to hydrogen to form water |
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The firstpathway of photosynthesis, in which light energy is converted into chemicalenergy in the form of ATP and NADPH, is referred to as the: A. dark reactions B. light reactions C. dark reductions D. carbon-fixation reactions E. light reductions. |
B. light reactions |
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The mainfunction of photosynthesis is the A. production of O2. B. consumption of CO2. C. production of ATP. D. conversion of light energy to chemical energy. E. production of starch. |
D. conversion of light energy to chemical energy. |
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Thephotosynthetic pigment chlorophyll a absorbs A. X rays. B. white light. C. gamma rays. D. red and blue light. E. infrared light. |
D. red and blue light. |
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Photosynthesisoccurs A. in all plant cells. B. only in photosynthetic plant cells. C. only in plant cells lacking mitochondria. D. only in the stroma. E. only on the thylakoid membrane. |
E. only on the thylakoid membrane. |
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Infacilitated diffusion, A. endocytosis is involved. B. ATP is used. C. specific integral membrane proteins mediate transport. D. the rate of transport is independent of the concentration of the molecule transported. E. molecules may be transported against their concentration gradient. |
C. specific integral membrane proteins mediate transport. |
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In thecell, the site of oxygen utilization is the A. nucleus. B. cytosol. C. chloroplast. D. endoplasmic reticulum. E. mitochondrion. |
E. mitochondrion. |
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Duringphotosynthesis in green plants, water is A. an electron acceptor. B. oxidized to O2 in the light. C. oxidized to O2 in the dark. D. used to hydrolyze ATP. E. reduced to hydrogen gas. |
B. oxidized to O2 in the light. |
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Animalsinhale air containing oxygen and exhale air with less oxygen and more carbondioxide. After inhalation, the oxygen missing from the air will mostly be foundin A. ethanol. B. water. C. lactate. D. organic molecules. E. the carbon dioxide that is exhaled. |
E. the carbon dioxide that is exhaled. |
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Single-celledanimals, such as amoebas, engulf entire cells for food. This manner of “eating”is called A. endocytosis. B. active transport. C. facilitative transport. D. exocytosis. E. osmosis. |
A. endocytosis. |
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Activitiessuch as amino acid synthesis and active transport in plant cells are powered by A. ATP from the light reactions of photosynthesis. B. ATP from alcoholic fermentation. C. ATP from lactic acid fermentation. D. ATP from glycolysis and cellular respiration. E. the light reactions and carbon-fixation reactions of photosynthesis. |
D. ATP from glycolysis and cellular respiration. |
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Beforestarch can be used for respiratory ATP production, it must be hydrolyzed to A. glucose. B. oxaloacetate. C. fatty acids. D. pyruvate. E. amino acids. |
A. glucose. |
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The rateof diffusion of a particular solute is not affected by A. temperature. B. molecule size. C. concentration gradients of other solutes. D. the electrical charge. E. the concentration gradient. |
C. concentration gradients of other solutes. |
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Whichstatement best describes the role of the inner mitochondrial membrane? A. It anchors enzymes and allows for the establishment of the proton gradient, but it is not involved in separating the contents of the mitochondria from the cytosol. B. It separates the mitochondria's environment from that of the cytosol. C. It allows for the establishment of a proton gradient. D. It acts as an anchor for the membrane-associated enzymes of cellular respiration. E. It anchors enzymes, allows for the establishment of the proton gradient, and is involved in separating the contents of the mitochondria from the cytosol. |
E. It anchors enzymes, allows for the establishment of the proton gradient, and is involved in separating the contents of the mitochondria from the cytosol. |
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Activetransport usually moves molecules A. in a direction that tends to bring about equilibrium. B. in a direction opposite to the one in which diffusion moves them. C. from a solution with a lower pH toward one with a higher pH. D. in the same direction as diffusion moves them. E. from inside to outside the cell. |
B. in a direction opposite to the one in which diffusion moves them. |
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Comparedwith fermentation, the aerobic pathways of glucose metabolism produce A. more oxidized coenzymes. B. less CO2. C. fewer protons for pumping in the mitochondria. D. more ATP. E. pyruvate. |
D. more ATP. |
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Manycells have a sodium–potassium pump. In order to function, sodium–potassiumpumps require A. the absence of a concentration gradient. B. ATP. C. glycolipids. D. a channel protein. E. ADP. |
B. ATP. |
