1St Biology Quiz

Front 1

Matter Consists of

Back 1

Mass and Volume

Front 2

Mass

Back 2

is Weight

Front 3

Volume

Back 3

Takes up Space

Front 4

Properties of Matter

Back 4

Solid, Liquid, Gas. They Consist of Atoms

Front 5

Smallest unit of an element that can exist alone

Back 5

Atom

Front 6

Subatomic Particles of an Atom

Back 6

Protons (p)
Neutrons (n)
Electrons (e)

Front 7

Non Subatomic Particle

Back 7

Nucleus

Front 8

Positive Charge
in the Nucleus

Back 8

Protons

Front 9

Neutral Charge (0)
In the nucleus

Back 9

Neutrons

Front 10

Negative Charge
Not in Nucleus
Moves at Speed of Light
Spec of Sand Compared to Protons and Neutrons

Back 10

Electrons

Front 11

Diagram of an Atom

Back 11

Front 12

Substances that consists of atoms with unique properties

Back 12

Element

Front 13

Calculating Protons Neutrons and Electrons

Back 13

Protons = Atomic Number
Electrons = Atomic Number
Neutrons = Atomic Mass - Atomic Number

Front 14

Calculating Protons Neutrons and Electrons of Sodium

Back 14

Front 15

How Many Electrons in First Electron Shell

Back 15

2

Front 16

How Many Electrons in Second Electron Shell

Back 16

8

Front 17

How Many Electrons in Third and Beyond Electron Shell

Back 17

18

Front 18

How Many
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons

Back 18

Protons = 8
Neutrons = 8
Electrons = 8

Front 19

How Many
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Back 19

Protons = 1
Neutrons = 0
Electrons = 0

Front 20

What is Electron Configuration of Argon

Back 20

Front 21

Atoms of the same element of with different Atomic Masses

Back 21

Isotopes

Front 22

What causes an Isotope

Back 22

Different Number of Neutrons in Nucleus

Front 23

Sharing of a pair of Electrons between 2 Atoms

Back 23

Covalent Bond

Front 24

Types of Covalent Bonds

Back 24

Polar Covalent Bond
Non Polar Covalent Bond

Front 25

Polar Covalent Bond

Back 25

The Electron Between 2 Atoms are Shared UNEqually

Front 26

Non Polar Covalent Bond

Back 26

Electrons are shared equally between atoms

Front 27

Substance made up of atoms with 2 or more elements (in a fixed ratio)

Back 27

Compounds

Front 28

Only Consists of Covalent Bonds (smallest unit is a Molecule)

Back 28

Molecular Bond

Front 29

Structural Formula of Water

Back 29

Front 30

Most Common Elements
(CHNOPS) + Ca

Back 30

Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Calcium

Front 31

Most abundant Element in the universe

Back 31

Hydrogen

Front 32

Electrons that are Shared unequally and generates partial electron charges on the surface of the molecule

Back 32

Polar Covalent Bond

Front 33

Most Electronegative Element

Back 33

Oxygen

Front 34

Least Electronegative Element

Back 34

Hydrogen

Front 35

Diatomic Molecules (Not Compounds)

Back 35

Elements of Same Type Bonded Together:
O2
N2
H2

Front 36

Ionic Bonds made up of oppositely charged ions

Back 36

Ionic Compounds
Example
Na+
Cl-

Front 37

Attractive force between oppositely charged ions

Back 37

Ionic Bond

Front 38

Atom or group of atoms tat have lost or gained an Electron

Back 38

Ion

Front 39

Positively Charged Ion

Back 39

Cat Ion

Front 40

Negatively Charged Ion

Back 40

Anion

Front 41

Single Atom Ion

Back 41

Monoatomic Ion
Na+
Cl-

Front 42

Example of Ion

Back 42

Front 43

4 Polyatomic Ions

Back 43

Phosphate
Hydroxyl
Bicarbonate
Ammonium

Front 44

Polyatomic Ion
Phosphate Ion

Back 44

PO4 -3

Front 45

Polyatomic Ion
Hydroxyl Ion

Back 45

OH -

Front 46

Polyatomic Ion
Bicarbonate

Back 46

NCO -3

Front 47

Polyatomic Ion
Ammonium

Back 47

NH4

Front 48

Sodium Atom to Sodium Ion

Back 48

Loses An electron to Become an Sodium Ion

Front 49

Chlorine atom to Chloride Ion

Back 49

Chlorine Atom gains an electron to become an Chlorine Ion

Front 50

Absence of Water

Back 50

Dehydration

Front 51

Describe how Salts breakup in H2O

Back 51

H2O breaks the ionic bond and surrounds the ions with hydration spores which prevents the ions from rebinding

Front 52

Weak Attraction Bonds between Polar Covalent Bonds

Back 52

Hydrogen Bonds (H-Bond)

Front 53

Up to how many bonds per water molecule

Back 53

4

Front 54

How does water become slippery and wet

Back 54

H-Bonds rapidly break and rebind

Front 55

How do you make h-bonds harder to break

Back 55

drop the temperature

Front 56

Sticking together of like molecules (H2O)

Back 56

Cohesion

Front 57

Sticking together of different molecules (water on wall)

Back 57

Adhesion

Front 58

Substance that increases the Hydrogen Ion Concentration [H+] of a water base solution

Back 58

Acids

Front 59

How Do water Molecules Link together

Back 59

Through an H-bond

Front 60

How do you make Hydrogen Concentration

Back 60

Remove the electron from the Hydrogen Atom to make it a Hydrogen Ion

Front 61

Substance that releases Hydrogen Ions into a Solution and increases [H+] of an aqueous

Back 61

Acid

Front 62

Decreases the pH of a solution and makes it more Acidic

Back 62

Proton Donors

Front 63

How does adding HCl make a beaker of Water more Acidic

Back 63

H+ unbinds from the HCl making the solution more acidic

Front 64

Substance when added to water will decrease [H+] of that solution

Back 64

Base (alkaline)

Front 65

Value along the pH scale that measures the [H+] of a solution

Back 65

pH (Power of Hydrogen)

Front 66

Calculating pH
pH = log10([H+] mole/L)
pH = log10(1x10-3 mole/L)

Back 66

3

Front 67

How to Make a Base by adding NaOH

Back 67

OH- combines with H+ from H20 and removes H+ from Solution

Front 68

Chemical Added to solution so that the solution will resist changes in pH

Back 68

Buffer

Front 69

Buffer in an Acid

Back 69

Binds to H+
Acids have High H+

Front 70

Buffer in a Base

Back 70

Releases H+
Bases has low H+

Front 71

Acidic Solution on pH scale

Back 71

0-6

Front 72

Base (alkaline) on a pH scale

Back 72

7.01-14

Front 73

Water on a pH scale

Back 73

7

Front 74

pH is inversely proportional to [H+]

Back 74

pH goes up, [H+] goes down
pH goes down, [H+] goes up

Front 75

Calculating Scientific Notation
10 -6
10 +5

Back 75

10 -6 = .000001
10 +5 = 100000

Front 76

Compound that DOESNOT contain Carbon

Back 76

Inorganic Compound

Front 77

Carbon Containing Compound

Back 77

Organic Compound

Front 78

Exception in Inorganic Compound

Back 78

CO2

Front 79

Inorganic Compounds

Back 79

NaCl
H2O
O2
MgSO4

Front 80

3 Solutions of Water

Back 80

Cytoplasm
Interstitial Fluid
Blood Plasma

Front 81

Cytoplasm

Back 81

Water in Cells

Front 82

Interstitial Fluid

Back 82

Water Between Cells

Front 83

Blood Plasma

Back 83

Water that circulates in blood vessels

Front 84

Solvent

Back 84

Always Water

Front 85

Solute

Back 85

Mix into a solvent

Front 86

Ease at which it can be mixed into water

Back 86

Solubility

Front 87

Easy to dissolve
(Salt, glucose)

Back 87

Hydrophilic

Front 88

Difficult to Dissolve
(Fat, oil, wax)

Back 88

Hydrophobic

Front 89

Organic Compounds
4

Back 89

Carbohydrates
Lipids (fats, oils)
Proteins
Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA)

Front 90

3 Carbon Skeletons

Back 90

Straight Chain
Branched Chain
Ring Chain (Contains O or N)

Front 91

Straight Chain Carbon

Back 91

Front 92

Branched Chain Carbon Skeleton

Back 92

Front 93

Ring Chain Carbon Skeleton

Back 93

Front 94

Groups of atoms that attached to carbon chain. They have chemical properties of organic compounds

Back 94

Functional Groups

Front 95

List 6 Functional Groups

Back 95

Hydroxyl -OH
Carboxyl -COOH
Amine -NH2
Carbonyl -C=O
Phosphate -PO4
Methyl - CH3

Front 96

Hydroxyl Group Functional Group

Back 96

Front 97

Carbynol

Back 97

Front 98

Carboxyl Group

Back 98

Front 99

Amine Group

Back 99

Front 100

Phosphate Group

Back 100

Front 101

Methyl Group

Back 101

Front 102

Includes sugars and large complex molecules like starch and glycogen

Back 102

Carbohydrates

Front 103

List 4 Types of Carbohydrates

Back 103

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides

Front 104

Building block unites that are used to make other carbohydrates
Contains 3-7 Carbons

Back 104

Monosaccharides

Front 105

Monosaccharides
5 in carbon Skeleton

Back 105

Pentose
Ribose, Deoxyribose

Front 106

Monosaccharides

Back 106

Hexose
*Glucose*, Fructose

Front 107

Drawing of Glucose

Back 107

Front 108

Glucose

Back 108

To make ATP (dextrose)

Front 109

2 Monosaccharides bonded together

Back 109

Disaccharides

Front 110

Bond between 2 Disaccharides (Glucose and Fructose)

Back 110

Covalent Bond called
Glycosidic Bond

Front 111

When a H and OH are removed form the reactants and end up as a water molecule as a covalent bond forms

Back 111

Dehydration Synthesis

Front 112

Example of Dehydration Synthesis

Back 112

Glucose + Fructrose Form Sucrose + H20 molecule

Front 113

7-10 Monosaccharides linked together to make glucose

Back 113

Polysaccharides

Front 114

Animal Cells are made up of

Back 114

7-10 Glycogen liked by Glycocidic Bonds

Front 115

Plant cells are made up of

Back 115

Starch

Front 116

Types of Lipids

Back 116

Fats
Oils
Steroids
Phospholipds

Front 117

Fatty Acids

Back 117

Saturated Fats
Unsaturated Fats

Front 118

Saturated Fats

Back 118

DOESNOT contain a double bond (C=C) in the hydrocarbon chain between 2 Carbons

Front 119

Unsaturated Fats

Back 119

Contains at least 1 double bond (C=C) between 2 carbons in the hydrocarbon chain **Fewer Hydrogen**

Front 120

Saturated Fatty Acid Drawing

Back 120

Front 121

Drawing of Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Back 121

Front 122

Triglycerides

Back 122

Fats and Oils
3 Carbon glycerol +
3 Fatty Acids
Forms and Estrobond when joins a Saturated Fatty Acid

Front 123

Lipids
3

Back 123

Fats
Oils
Phospholipids

Front 124

Fats

Back 124

Saturated Fats found in Animals

Front 125

Oils

Back 125

Unsaturated Fats found in Plants

Front 126

Phosopholipid

Back 126

Drawn as Clothes Pin
3 Carbon Clycerol +FA + P

Front 127

Phospholipid Drawing

Back 127

Front 128

Linked by peptide bonds and has a Biological function

Back 128

Proteins

Front 129

Speeds of the rate of chemical reaction in Proteins

Back 129

Catalyst

Front 130

Protein Hormones

Back 130

Insulin
Growth Hormone

Front 131

Alter Structure of Protein by exposing it to hard conditions (becomes not functional)
Boiling
Strong Acids

Back 131

Denaturation

Front 132

Nucleic Acids

Back 132

DNA
RNA

Front 133

3 Carbons in Nucleatides

Back 133

Pentosugar (5 Carbons)
N-Base
Phosphate Group

Front 134

Bond between DNA

Back 134

Phosdyester Bond

Front 135

Bonds between Amino Acids

Back 135

Peptide Bonds

Front 136

Drawing of Amino Acid

Back 136

Front 137

Phospholipid Drawing

Back 137

Front 138

DNA Bond

Back 138

Phosphodiester bond

Front 139

High energy phosphate bond

Back 139

ATP

Front 140

When is ATP energy released

Back 140

when the terminal phosphate bond is broken

Front 141

Process within cell by which fule substrates are broken to CO2 and H20 to make ATP

Back 141

Cellular Respiration

Front 142

Why Do we breathe O2

Back 142

Cells take in O2 to make ATP

Front 143

Poison that prevents cells fro making ATP

Back 143

Cyanide

Front 144

ATP Dependent Processes

Back 144

Muscle Contractions
Urine Formation
Thinking
Sperm
Protein Synthesis
Steroid Hormone

Front 145

Sum of total of all reactions occurring within a living system

Back 145

Metabolism

Front 146

2 Phases of Metabolism

Back 146

Anabolism
Catabolism

Front 147

Reactions that build larger molecules from smaller ones

Back 147

Anabolism

Front 148

Decomposition of break down reactions where larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones

Back 148

Catabolism