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119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Transmission of polio
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fecal oral
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polioreplication site
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oropharynx and small intestine
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polio pathology
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destructionof anterior horn of spinal cord, lmn destruction
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symptoms of polio
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nonspecific flu like
LMN lesion signs |
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muscle weakness
muscle atrophy fasciculation fibrillation hyporeflexia hypotony UMN or LMN? |
LMN
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lab findings in polio
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CSF with lymphatosis, elev prot
virus recovered from stool or throat |
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1 MS
2 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalaopathy (PML)--aids 3 acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (postinfectious) 4 Metachromatic leukodystrophy (lysosomal storage 5 Guillan-Barre common pathology? |
Demyelinating and dysmyelinating diseases
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classic triad of MS
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SIN:
Scanning speech Intention tremor Nystagmus white chicks in 20's--30's |
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Treatment of MS
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beta interferon or immusuppression
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lab findings in Guillain barre
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elevated CSF protein
normal cell count *"albuminocytologic dissociation" elevated protein -> papilledema |
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seizure with intact consciousnes
motor, sensory, autonomic, psychic sx |
simple partial
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seizure with impaired consciousness; 1 area of brain
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complex partial
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Blank stare seizure
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petite mal--generalized
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seizure with quick repetitive jerks
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myoclonic--generalized
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seizure with alternating stiffening and movement
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tonic clonic--generalized
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seizure with stiffening
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tonic--generalized
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"drop" seizure
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atonic--generalized
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hematoma type from rupture of middle meningeal artery
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epidural hematoma
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bleeding type from rupture of bridging veins
--shaken baby, trauma in elderly |
subdural hematoma
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bleeding type from rupture of aneurysm
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subarachnoid
"worst headache of my life" --bloody spinal tap |
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HTN
amyloid angiopathy diabetes mellitus tumor causes of type hematoma? |
parenchymal
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genetic conditions associated with berry aneurysm
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APKD
Ehlers Danlos Marfans |
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most common primary brain tumor
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glioblastoma multiforme
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prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme
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grave, under 1 year
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staining method for glioblastoma
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GFAP, it is grade IV astrocytoma
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appearance of glioblastoma
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pseudopalisading tumor cells--border central areas of necrosis and hemorrhage
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2nd most common primary brain tumor
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meningioma
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tumor which most often occurs in convexivities of hemispheres and parasagittal region
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meningioma
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prognosis of meningioma
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resectable
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what cell type in meningioma
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arachnoid
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brain tumor with spindle cells concentrically arranged in a whorled pattern; psammoma bodies
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meningioma
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3rd most common primary brain tumor
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schwannoma
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bilateral schwannoma associated with what condition
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neurofibromatosis type 2
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brain tumor with "fried egg" cells
round nuclei with cytoplasm often calcified |
oligodendroma
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brain tumor characterized by rosenthal fibers--eosinophilic corkscrew fibers
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pilocytic astrocytoma
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brain tumor with rosettes, or perivascular pseudorosette pattern of cells
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medulloblastoma
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highly malignant cerebellar tumor, form of primitive neuroctodermal tumor (PNET)
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medulloblastoma
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brain tumor with rod shaped blepharoplasts (basal ciliary bodies) found near nucleus
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Ependymoma
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Brain tumor with foamy cells and high vascularity
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hemangioblastoma
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tumor most often cerebellar
associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome ****when found with retinal angiomas |
hemangioblastoma
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brain tumor which can cause 2ndary polycythemia
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hemangioblastoma
can produce EPO |
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Origin of craniopharyngioma
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remnants of Rathke's pouch
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glioblastoma multiforme
peak incidence in kids or adults? |
adults
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meningioma
peak incidence in kids or adults? |
adults
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schwannoma
peak incidence in kids or adults? |
adults
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oligodendroglioma
peak incidence in kids or adults? |
adults
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pituitary adenoma
peak incidence in kids or adults? |
adults
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pilocytic astrocytoma
peak incidence in kids or adults? |
kids
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medulloblastoma
peak incidence in kids or adults? |
kids
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ependymoma
peak incidence in kids or adults? |
kids
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hemangioblastoma
peak incidence in kids or adults? |
kids
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craniopharyngioma
peak incidence in kids or adults? |
kids
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UMN lesion
weakness? |
yup
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UMN lesion
Atrophy? |
no
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UMN lesion
fasciculations? |
no
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UMN lesion
Reflexes up or down? |
up
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UMN lesion
tone up or down? |
up
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UMN lesion
Babinski? |
yes
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LMN lesion
weakness? |
yes
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LMN lesion
atrophy? |
yes
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LMN lesion
fasciculation? |
yes
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LMN lesion
reflexes up or down? |
down
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LMN lesion
tone up or down? |
down
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LMN lesion
babinski? |
no
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diseases with lower motor neuron lesions only
due to destruction of anterior horns flaccid paralysis |
poliomyelitis and werdnig-Hoffman disease
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disease with:
lesions of white matter mostly in cervical region assymetric lesions scanning speech intention tremor nystagmus |
multiple sclerosis
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disease with:
combined upper and lower motor neuron deficits with no sensory deficit |
ALS
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dx?
everything in spinal cord deficient but dorsal columns and tract of Lissauer |
complete occlusion of ventral spinal artery
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dx?
degeneration of dorsal roots and dorsal columns impaired proprioception locomotor ataxia |
tabes dorsalis aka 3ary syphilis
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dx?
bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation |
syringomyelia--crossing fibers of corticospinal tract damaged
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ddx?
ataxic gait hyperreflexia impaired position and vibration sense |
vitamin b12 neuropathy
Friedreich's ataxia |
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ddx?
demyelination of: dorsal columns lateral corticospinal tracts spinocerebellar tracts |
vitamin b12 neuropathy
friedreich's ataxia |
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syringomyelia most common region
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C8-T1
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syringomyelia associated condition
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arnold chiari malformation
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dx?
degeneration of dorsal columns and roots shooting pain argyll robertson pupils |
tabes dorsalis aka tertiary syphilis
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what is argyll robertson pupil
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accomodates but does not react to light
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dx?
below lesion: ipsilateral umn signs ipsilateral loss of tactile, vibration, proprioception contralateral pain and temp loss LMN signs at level of lesion |
brown-sequard, hemisection of spinal cord
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signs of horner's, 3
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ptosis
anhidrosis and flushing miosis |
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1st synapse of pathway affected in horners
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synapse at T1 in IML
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injury at shaft of humerus
expected deficit in motion? |
wrist drop
**extensor carpi radialis longus |
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sensory deficit:
posterior brachial cutaneous posterior antebrachial cutaneous likely injury site? |
shaft of humerus
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nerve which passes thru supinator
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radial
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injury at supracondyle of humerus
nerve injury? |
median--medial supracondyle
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fracture at supracondyle of humerus
vascular injury>? |
brachial artery
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deficient forearm pronation
likely fracture site? |
supracondyle of humerous
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loss of sensation over
lateral palm and thumb. radial 2 1/2 fingers likely fracture site? |
supracondyle of humerus
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what nerve passes thru pronator teres?
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median
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median nerve passes thru what muscle
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pronator teres
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radial nerve passes thru what muscle?
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supinator
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hand of benediction
impaired wrist flexion and adduction impaired adduction of thumb and ulnar 2 fingers likely fracture site? |
medial epicondyle of humerous
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injury to medial epicondyle of humerus
what nerve damaged? |
ulnar
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loss of sensation over medial palm and 1/2 fingers
what nerve injury? |
ulnar
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ulnar nerve passes thru what muscle
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flexor carpi ulnaris
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what nerve passes thru flexor carpi ulnaris
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ulnar
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muscles innervated by musculocutaneous
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coracobrachialis
biceps brachialis |
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what nerve passes thru coracobrachialis
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musculocutaneous
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musculocutaneous passes thru what muscle
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coracobrachialis
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erb duchenne palsy
what injured? |
upper trunk of brachial plexus
C5 C6 "waiter's tip" |
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findings of erb duchenne palsy
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"waiters tip"
*hands by side (abductors) *medially rotated (lateral rotators) *pronated forearm (biceps) |
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Consequences of injury to common peroneal nerve
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Loss of dorsiflexion and eversion
PED=Peroneal Everts and Dorsiflexion foot dropPED |
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Nerve roots of common peroneal nerve
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L4 S2
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deep peroneal innervates what compartment?
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anterior
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superficial peroneal innervates what compartment
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lateral
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lateral compartment of leg innervated by what
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superficial peroneal
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anterior compartment of leg innervated by what
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deep peroneal
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consequence of loss of tibial nerve
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loss of plantar flexion
TIP=Tibial Inverts and Plantarflexes if injured can't stand on TIP toes |
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tibial nerve what roots?
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L4-S3
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tibial nerve innervates what compartment
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posterior
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posterior compartment of leg innervated by what nerve
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tibial
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medial longitudinal fasciculus
lesion what consequence? |
on attempted lateral gaze:
nystagmus in abducting eye --medial rectus palsy *normal convergence |
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internuclear ophthalmoplegia
associated with what condition |
MS
Mlf=Ms |
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Anxiety
neurotransmitter changes |
NE up
GABA down serotonin down |
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Depression
neurotransmitter changes |
NE down
serotonin down |
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Schizophrenia
transmitter changes |
dopamine up
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Parkinson's disease
neurotransmitter changes |
dopamine down
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NE up
GABA down serotonin down what condition? |
Anxiety
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NE down
serotonin down what condition? |
Depression
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dopamine up
what disease? |
Schizophrenia
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dopamine down
what disease? |
Parkinson's disease
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