Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Name and locate 8 major arteries.
|
- temporal (head)
- carotid (neck) - brachial (around elbow) - radial (wrist) - femoral (between pubis and iliac spine) - popliteal (calf) - dorsalis pedis (top of foot; extensor to great toe) - posterior tibial (by medial malleolus) |
|
|
Name 6 major veins.
|
- jugular
- arm: superficial and deep - leg: deep, superficial, and perforators |
|
|
What does distension in the neck veins indicate?
|
- potential heart failure
- right side of the heart not draining properly |
|
|
What does the right lymphatic duct drain?
|
- empties lymph from right arm and corner top right of body into right subclavian vein
|
|
|
What does the thoracic duct drain?
|
- empties lymph from the rest of the body into left subclavian vein
|
|
|
What is the purpose of a lymph node?
|
- filters out microorganisms
|
|
|
What is the purpose of the spleen?
|
- destroys red blood cells
- produces antibodies - stores red blood cells - filters mircroorganisms |
|
|
What do the tonsils respond to?
|
- local inflammation
|
|
|
What is the function of the thymus in children and in adults?
|
- development of T lymphocytes in children
- no function in adults |
|
|
What developmental considerations must be taken into account in infants and toddlers?
|
- excessive lymphoid response
|
|
|
What considerations must be taken into account for pregnant females?
|
- vasodilatation (uni- or bilateral edema in legs, varicosities, and hemorrhoids)
|
|
|
What is arteriosclerosis?
|
- hardening of the arteries
|
|
|
What is artherosclerosis?
|
- plaque build-up
|
|
|
What 5 questions are asked to collect subjective data when assessing the peripheral vascular system?
|
- leg pains or cramps?
- skin changes on arms or legs? - swelling in the arms or legs? - lymph node enlargement? - medications? |
|
|
What is claudication distance?
|
- the number of blocks walked or stairs climbed to produce leg pain
|
|
|
What medications may affect the peripheral vascular system?
|
- birth control pill
- hormone replacements - anti-hypertensives |
|
|
What does bilateral edema indicate? What does unilateral edema indicate?
|
- bilateral: systemic problem
- unilateral: local obstruction or inflammation |
|
|
What are the 6 "P"s of arterial insufficiency?
|
- Paresthesia
- Pain - Poikilothermia (coolness) - Pallor - Pulselessness - Paralysis |
|
|
What is noted upon inspecting and palpating the arms?
|
- color, temperature, turgor, lesions
- profile sign (clubbing) - capillary refill - symmetry (edema) - radial and brachial pulses - epitrochlear lymph node |
|
|
What does each point on the Pulse Grading System indicate?
|
- 0 = no pulse
- 1+ = weak, "thready" - 2+ = normal - 3+ = increased - 4+ = bounding |
|
|
What does the Modified Allen Test evaulate?
|
- evaluates adequacy of collateral circulation
- adequate circulation is a return of the hand’s normal color in approx. 2 – 5 seconds |
|
|
What do you look for upon inspection and palpation of the legs?
|
- color
- temperature - hair distribution - venous pattern - size - lesions or ulcers |
|
|
What does Homan's sign indicate?
|
- possible deep vein thrombosis
|
|
|
What 6 peripheral artery pulses are graded during objective assessment?
|
- radial
- brachial - femoral - popliteal - dorsalis pedis - posterior tibial |
|
|
What does each point on the Pitting Edema Grade scale indicate?
|
- 1+ = mild pitting, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling
- 2+ = moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly - 3+ = deep pitting, indentation remains for short time, leg looks swollen - 4+ = very deep pitting, indentation lasts long time, leg is very swollen |
|
|
What does the Manual Compression Test assess?
|
- valve competence
|
|
|
What does elevated pallor or dependent rubour indicate?
|
- arterial insufficiency
|
|
|
When is the Doppler ultrasonic stethoscope used?
|
- to detect a very weak peripheral pulse
|
|
|
What does the Ankle Brachial Index measure?
|
- the difference in ankle and brachial systolic pressure
- 0.90-0.70: mild claudication - 0.70-0.40: moderate to severe claudication - 0.40-0.30: very severe claudication - <0.30: ischemia with impeding tissue loss |
|
|
What are the characteristics of an ischemic ulcer seen in chronic arterial insufficiency?
|
- pale, ischemic base
- well-defined edges - no bleeding - seen around toes, metatarsal heads, heels - accompanied with coolness, pallor, diminished pulses, thin shiny skin, absence of hair |
|
|
What are the characteristics of a venous stasis ulcer seen in chronic venous insufficiency?
|
- bleeding
- uneven edges - brown pigment (hemosiderin) during RBC breakdown - seen around the medial malleolus - accompanied by thickened skin, normal pulses, petechiae, firm edema |
|
|
When might a higher blood pressure be seen?
|
- in females
- in African-Americans - during the day - in obesity - with exercise, emotions, stress |
|
|
How might you prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
|
- movement
- limit leg crossing - compression stockings - drink water - warfarin, heparin |
