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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mendel only studied |
phenotypes limited to two or three forms, single gene traits |
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but other traits do not appear in distinct forms which are a result of |
interaction between multiple genes with environmental interactions |
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phenotype is a result of |
nature (genotype) plus nurture (environment) |
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environment affect genes proof |
not all mutations associated with mood disorders end up having one, environmental component affects instead |
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methylation is |
when nerve growth factor gene expression |
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changes in DNA throughout lifetime |
epigenetic |
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continuous variation |
traits with small range of difference |
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continuous variation is outcome of |
epistasis |
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epistasis |
multiple genes affecting single trait |
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more genes and environmental factors |
affect trait, more continuous it's variation |
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gene expression influence |
traits |
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graphing data results to |
bell shaped curve |
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charts of genetic connections |
pedigrees |
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pedigrees determine |
whether trait is dominant or recessive, allele is autosomal or sex chromosome, probability of trait to occur |
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single genes govern more than how many genetic abnormalities and disorders |
6000 |
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difference between genetic abnormality and disorder |
Genetic abnormality is a rare or uncommon version of a trait by genetic disorders lead to medical problems |
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set of symptoms |
syndrome |
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genetic disorders can be due to |
multiple genes or epigenetic contributions |
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Why do disorders persist even thought their alleles are rare? |
Mutations reintroduce |
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type of alleles that offer survival disadvantage |
codominant alleles |
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codominant alleles |
equally strong and neither mask each other |
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Types of human genetic disorders |
autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, x-linked |
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autosomal dominant |
heterozygous and homozygous, every generation, both sexes, achondroplasia |
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mutations occur in |
gene for growth factor |
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About how many are heterozygous for these mutations |
1 out of 10 000 |
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autosomal recessive |
homozygous, skip generations, both sexes, heterozygous are carriers, albinism |
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albinism |
low levels of melanin |
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X linked |
color blindness, hemophilia, |
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Boys are more affected because |
they have no other X chromosome to compensate |
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Boys inheret x from |
unaffected mother |
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hemophilia |
Interfered blood clotting |
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Men transmit x linked to their |
daughters |
