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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Polyps:
Non-neoplastic vs Neoplastic (histology) Sessile vs Pedunculated |
Non-neoplastic: abnl epithelial maturation, inflammn or architecture
Neoplastic - abnl epithelial prolifern (adenomatous/dysplastic) Sessile = flat Pedunculated = polypoid |
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This polyp accounts for >90% of all colorectal polyps.
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Hyperplastic polyp
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Juvenile polyps:
What are they? |
Focal hamatomatous malform of mucosal elements; more common in children (if seen in adults it's called a retention polyp)
NO CANCER RISK Note: Hamartoma = prolifern of normal elements in abnl fashion |
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DPC4, PTEN mutations are associated with _________.
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Juvenile polyposis syndrome; low risk of colorectal cancer
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Peutz-Jeghers Polyps:
Polyp type Potential for malignancy |
Assocd w/Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (Yaygers)
Polyp is large and pedunculated without malignant potential |
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Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome:
Effects |
Results in multiple hamartomatous polyps throughout GI tract
Melanotic mucosal and cutaneous pigmentation; inc'd cancer risk in pancreas, ovaries, uterus, breast, lung, and GI tract |
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LKB1, STK11 mutations are associated with ________.
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Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
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Neoplastic polyps:
Defining histologic feature of subtypes. Risk of cancer correlates with? |
ALL have low grade dysplasia
Risk of cancer correlates w/size & # |
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Polyps:
Non-neoplastic vs Neoplastic (histology) Sessile vs Pedunculated |
Non-neoplastic: abnl epithelial maturation, inflammn or architecture
Neoplastic - abnl epithelial prolifern (adenomatous/dysplastic) Sessile = flat Pedunculated = polypoid |
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APC gene, 5q21 mutations are associated with ______.
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Familial adenomatous polyposis (500-2500 polyps!) Need 100 for dx.
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Familial adenomatous polyposis:
Diagnosis Treatment |
100 polyps or more (APC gene mutation)
Tx: Total proctocolectomy |
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Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer:
Risks |
inc'd incidence ColonCa, endometrial Ca, stomach Ca, other epithelial organs
80% risk of developing colorectal ca; women have 40% inc'd risk of endometrial ca |
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This disorder is due to a germline mutation in one of the DNA mismatch repair genes.
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Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
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Colorectal Cancer:
Risk Factors |
Aging
Hx of CRC or adenomas High fat/beef consumption, LOW FIBER IBD HPNCC, FAP |
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Colon Cancer:
Proximal vs Distal involvement (syx) Which sites of intestine most commonly involved? |
Proximal: polypoid, exophytic; NON-OBSTRUCTING
Distal: annular, obstruction! Rectosigmoid: 55% Cecum/ascending colon: 22% Transverse colon: 11% |
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Carcinoid Tumors:
Pathophys Age of presentation |
Present in 6th decade
Arise from neuroendocrine cells, secrete amine & peptide hormones gastrin (ZES)--> insulin (hypoglycemia)--> ACTH (Cushing's)--> Serotonin (carcinoid syndrome) |
