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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Communicable diseases |
Caused by infective organisms called pathogens and can be passed from one organism to another |
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Vectors |
Carry pathogens from one organism to another |
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Bacteria classified by |
Basic shape By cell walls - different structure and react differently to gram staining and antibiotics |
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Gram positive and negative bacteria under microscope |
Purple blue Red |
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Viruses Basic structure
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Genetic material surrounded by protein |
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Parasite |
Causes diseases in other organism |
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Bacteriophage |
Virus that attack bacteria |
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Protoctista how does it get to host ? |
By vector or through polluted water |
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Fungi infection affect what and how does it spread ? |
Affect leave of plants and stop them from photosynthesising Reproduce million of tiny spores so spread huge distances and rapidly |
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How do pathogens affect organisms? |
Damage tissues of host organism directly Produce toxins that damage tissue |
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How does virus destroy cells? |
Take over cell metabolism, insert it’s genetic material into host cell DNA and uses host cells to reproduce rapidly and burst out destroying it |
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How does Protoctista destroy host cells? |
Take over cells and break them open as new generation emerge Do not take over genetic material but use cell contents to reproduce |
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How do fungi destroy cells ? |
Digest living cells and some produce toxins |
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How do bacteria destroy host cells and tissues? |
Produce toxins, break down plasma membrane of cells and inactivate enzyme and interfere with genetic material so cells cannot divide |
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Ring rot caused by What does it do? |
Gram positive bacteria Damages leaves, tubers and fruit |
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Athlete’s foot caused by What does it do ? Treated by? |
Fungus Grows on and digest moist skin and cause crackling and itchy Anti fungal cream |
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Potato blight caused by What does it do ? |
Fungu Hyphae penetrate host cells and damages leaves tubers and fruit |
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Black Sigatoka caused by What does it do ? |
Fungus Penetrate and digest cells turning leaves black |
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Tuberculosis caused by What does it do ? Cured by? |
Bacteria Damage and destroys lung tissue and suppress immune system Antibiotics |
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Bacterial meningitis caused by What does it do ? Cured by? |
Bacteria Cause septicaemia (blood poisoning and rapid death , botchy red and purple rash Antibiotics |
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HIV/ AIDS caused by What does it do ? Slow down by? |
Virus Transcribe RNA to single strand of DNA to interact with genetic material of host , target t helper cells and destroy immune system Antiretroviral drugs |
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Malaria caused by What does it do ? |
Protoctista and spread by mosquitoes Invade red blood cells, liver and brain |
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Ring worm caused by What does it do ? Treated by? |
Fungus Crusty infectious circular area of skin itchy Treated by anti fungal cream |
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Direct transmission example |
Direct contact - bodily fluids ( STIs), skin to skin ( ring worm) , microorganisms from faeces ( diarrhoeal disease) Inoculation- break in skin (HIV) , bite from animal (rabies , sharing needles Ingestion - contaminated food or drink ( amoebic dysentery) |
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Indirect transmission examples |
Formites - inanimate objects such as bedding ( athlete’s foot) Droplet infection - saliva and mucus expelled (influenza ,tb) Vectors |
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Factors increasing transmission of communicable diseases in animals |
Overcrowded living conditions Poor nutrition Poor disposal of waste - breeding site for vector Compromised immune system Culture or infrastructure- traditional medical practices Socioeconomic factors - lack of trained health works or public warnings |
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Type of vectors |
Wind - carry spores Water Animals Humans |
