102 Fmf Marine Corps History, Rank, Courtesies

Front 1

When, Where, Why, and By who was the Marine Corps Established

Back 1

10 Nov 1775
Philadelphia, Pa @ Tun Tavern
Resolution of the Continental Congress
Capt Samuel Nicholas

Front 2

Who was the 1st Commadant of the Marine Corps

Back 2

Capt Samuel Nicholas

Front 3

Who is the current Commadant of the Marine Corps

Back 3

Gen James F. Amos

Front 4

What is significant in 1776

Back 4

1st Marine landing
New Providence Bahama's
During Revolutionary War
Wearing stiff leather stock around the neck (leather necks)
to seize guns and supplies

Front 5

What is significant in 1805

Back 5

During the stronghold at Burma
Stormed the Barbary Pirates
On the shores of Tripoli
Raising the Stars and Stripes for the first time on the Eastern Hemisphere

Front 6

What is significant in 1847

Back 6

Battle of Chapultepec
In Mexico City
Marines occupied the halls of Montezuma
The royal palace fell by the 1st Marines to enter the capitol
Lead to the taking of Ca

Front 7

What is significant in 1859

Back 7

Marines stormed US Arsenal
at Harpers Ferry
Under Command of Col Robert E Lee
Put down an attempted slave revolt
Lead by abolitionist John Brown

Front 8

When was the EGA established, By who, What is meaning

Back 8

1868
By Brigadeier Gen Jacob Zeilin
Eagle - symbol of Nation
Globe - sysmbol of world wide service
Anchor - symbol of sea traditions
To depict Marines as American and Maritime
Modified from the British Marine Emblem

Front 9

When was the official Marine Corps motto established, What is it and what does it mean

Back 9

1883
Semper Fidelis
Latin for Always Faithful

Front 10

What is significant in 1900

Back 10

The Boxer Rebellion
in Peking China
Marines from ships on Asiatic Station defended the American Legation in support of foriegn policy.
Were part of multinational defense force that protected the legation quarter against attack.
This small defense held out until relieved at end of the rebellion

Front 11

Who was the 7th Commodant of the Marine Corps

Back 11

Brigadier Gen Jacob Zeilin

Front 12

When was the 1st Marine Corps Aviation Unit established and who was the 1st Pilot

Back 12

1913
Maj Alfred A Cunningham

Front 13

When and who was the 1st enlisted women in the Marine Corps

Back 13

13 Aug 1918
Opha Mae Johnson
(skirt Marines or Marinettes)

Front 14

Who is the current Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps

Back 14

SgtMaj Michael P. Barrett

Front 15

Who is the current Secretary of Defense

Back 15

Honorable Leon E Panetta

Front 16

Who is the current Secretay of the Navy

Back 16

The Honorable Ray Maybus

Front 17

Why is Archibald Henderson significant to the Marine Corps

Back 17

Brivet Brigadier General held his command as 5th Commodant of the Marine Corps for 39yrs
From 1820-1859
Known as "Grand old man of the Marine Corps"
He introduced higher standards of personal apperance, training, & discipline
and strived to have the Marine Corps known as a professional military force, capable of more than just sea and guard duty

Front 18

Why is John Quick significant to the Marine Corps

Back 18

SgtMaj Quick was awarded the Medal of Honor for Semaphoring at Cuzco Well an emergency lift of the naval bombardment while under fire in Guantanamo Bay Cuba during the Spanish-American War in 1898.
The landing demonstrated the usefulness of Marines as assault troops

Front 19

Why is 1917 significant to the Marine Corps

Back 19

During World War I Marines landed in France participating in 8 distinct operations, distinguishing themselves, awarded a number of decorations such as
French Fourreger
Still worn by 5th and 6th Marines

Front 20

What is Dan Daily significant for

Back 20

Sgt Maj earned two medals of honor for bravery and
famous for qoute during battle of Belleau Wood while pinned down said
"Come on you sons of a b___, do you wanna live forever?"

Front 21

When was the Marine Corps Reorganized to FMF and what was significant

Back 21

1933
Formally establishing the "command and administrative relations" between the fleet and the MC
MC equipment board was established in Quantico Va in which Marines began testing and developing materials for landing operations and expeditionary services

Front 22

Why is the Battle of Guadalcanal significant to the Marine Corps

Back 22

1st MarDiv launched first land offensive during WWII
1st combat test of new amphibious doctrine
on the Solomon Islands Aug 1942
Crucial turning point of the war because
Provided a base to launch further invasions of Japanese-held islands

Front 23

Why is the Battle of Tarawa significant to the Marine Corps

Back 23

Battle of Tarawa
Japanese commander proclaimed it would take 1 million Americans 100 yrs to conquer the fortification of the Tarawa Atoll and Betio Island
On 20 Nov 1943 Marines secured the Island within 76 hrs.
Due to the reef Marines were offloaded hundreds of yrds from the shore and many Marines drowned

Front 24

What is Gregory R Boyington significant for

Back 24

Major "Pappy" Boyington recognized as MC Top Ranking Flying Ace
28 victories
Marine Prowess in arial dog fights
Commanded VMH-214 "Black Sheep"

Front 25

What is Robert E Bush significant for

Back 25

He earned the Medal of Honor while serving with 1st MarDiv during the battle of Okinawa (WWII)
while under attack provided aid from one casualty to the next. Administering plasma and firing with the other hand disregarding his own injuries accounting for 6 enemy casualties

Front 26

What was John H Bradley significant for

Back 26

Most famous for his role as one of the six men to participate in the iconic flag-raising over Iwo Jima
Awarded Navy Cross
for running through a barrage of mortar and machine gun fire to a Marine then shielding him with his own body while
under attack performed life saving treatment then pulled the Marine 30 yds to safety

Front 27

What was Ira H Hayes significant for

Back 27

Pima indian immortalized in photograph of the second flag raising incident on Mt. Suribachi
after the Japanese stronghold was taken 23 Feb 1945

Front 28

What two things is 1965 significant to the Marine Corps

Back 28

Marines landed in VietNam which committed them to the longest war in history
Also in response to an attempted coup of the local government
Marines landed in Domenican Republic to evacuate and protect US citizens
The Marines formed the core of multinational force that quickly restored peace

Front 29

What is Robert R Ingram significant for

Back 29

Medal of Honor
North Vietnam Aggressor Bn attacked. PO fought and tx'd while he was injured for sev hrs across the battlefield until his death

Front 30

What was Margret A Brewer significant for

Back 30

First Woman MC Gen Officer 11 May 1978
As Col served as director of women Marines during 1973-1977
7th and last WM Director

Front 31

Why is 1983 significant to the Marine Corps

Back 31

In 1982 Marines deployed to Lebanon to restore peace
23 Oct 1983 Suicide truck bomb killed 241 US and wounded 70 others.
Marines withdrew in 1984

Front 32

Why is 1991 significant to the Marine Corps

Back 32

Operation Desert Storm
Iraqi gov refused to comply with United Nations Resolution
Marine aviation was heavily used when the air phase commenced Jan 91
Liberated Kuwait damaged Iraqi Military

Front 33

Why is 2001 significant to the Marine Corps

Back 33

The Sep 11th attacks led to War in Afghanistan.
Marines deployed to the Arabian Sea in Nov and set up forward operating command.
The 15th MEU was the first of US ground troops.
They set up a fortified base "Camp Rhino".
The mission "Swift Freedom" sealed the city, cut off incoming supplies and escape routes.
In a few months terrorist gov. were over-thrown and afghans experienced their first freedom in 20yrs

Front 34

Why is 2003 significant to the Marine Corps

Back 34

March 2003 the launch OIF.
In 3 weeks demolished the government of Saddam Hussein and his Baath political party.
Battle of Nasiriyah: 1st major battle of Iraqi War
2nd MEB; Marines were tasked with capturing 2:3 key bridges over the Euphrates in the city on the advance to Baghdad

Front 35

What/When was Operation Vigilant Resolve

Back 35

31 March 2004 Iraqi insurgents in Fullujah ambushed a convoy containing 4 American private military contractors from Blackwater.
Photos leaked to the press
April 2004, coalition forces(majority is US Marines) fought the 1st battle of Fallujah in order to capture or kill insurgent elements considered responsible for the deaths of the Blackwater security team.
Iraqi gov requested control be given to Iraqi-run local security force which led to stock piling weapons and complex defenses across the city.

Front 36

What/When was Operation Phantom Fury (eng) & Operation Al Fajr (the dawn) (arabic)

Back 36

Nov -Dec 2004
Joint attack led by US MC against the Iraqi insurgency stronghold in the city of Fullujah
Resulted in 95 American troops death and 560 wounded.
On 13 Nov after 6 days of intense battle City of Fallujah was fully occupied by the US,
Operation Phantom Fury was the bloodiest battle of the war in Iraq

Front 37

3 conditions in which you would not salute

Back 37

During battle conditions
in working parties
guarding a prisoner

Front 38

What year did the US Marines fall under the dept of the Navy

Back 38

1834

Front 39

"Among the Americans who served on Iwo Island Uncommon Valor was a common virtue"
Who said this during what battle

Back 39

Admiral Chester W Nimitz
Iwo Jima

Front 40

What is the significance of the Battle of Belleau Wood

Back 40

Marines fought one of their greatest battles in history at Belleau Wood, France during WWI.
Marines crushed a German offensive that threatened Paris Earning it's name "the wood of the brigade of Marines"
In reference to Marines ferocious fighting ability were called "Teufelhunden" or devil dogs

Front 41

What was Louis B Puller significant for

Back 41

LtGen Puller and about 32 Marines became famous for their ability to engage rebel groups while scouring the jungles of Nicaragua to the Hunduran border
Earning the name "Tiger of the Mountains"
The MC mascot, an English bulldog named "Chesty" is named after this brave and fine MC officer.

Front 42

Why is the battle of the Marianas Islands significant to the Marine Corps

Back 42

Due to the need for airfields by the airforce and advance bases for the Navy, the Marianas invaded. During June and July 1943 LtGen Holland M Smith led a combined invasion force of 136,000 Marines and soldiers
Greatest number of troops to operate in the field up to then under a Marine command.

Front 43

Why is the battle of Iwo Jima significant to the Marine Corps

Back 43

19 Feb 1945 Marines landed began the largest all-Marine battle and bloodiest in MC history with over 23,300 casualties.
This battle greatly increased the air support and bombing ops against Japanese home islands.

Front 44

Why is the battle of Chosin Reservoir significant to the Marine Corps

Back 44

Far into North Korea during Nov 1950, Marines were cut off after the Chinese Communist forces entered the war.
Despite facing a 10-division force, Marines smashed 7-divisions in their march from Chosin Reservoir.
Major significance was the Marines brought out all operable equipment, properly evacuated their wounded and dead, while maintaining tactical integrity

Front 45

Why is the battle of Hue City significant to the Marine Corps

Back 45

During the Vietnamese holiday of Tet in Jan 1968, Communist forces launched a surprise offensive, Fighting was house to house and progress measured in yds. City was secured on 25 Feb 1968

Front 46

When to salute

Back 46

All officers, colors and standards not cased
At least 6 but not more than 30 paces away.
hold until returned or acknowledged
Salute only once if a senior remains in the immediate vicinity
When passing an officer going same direction and say "by your leave sir/mam'am

Front 47

List an O-1 through O-10 in order

Back 47

2nd Lt Col
1st Lt BGen
Capt MGen
Maj LtGen
Lt Col Gen

Front 48

What was the longest battle in MC history

Back 48

Vietnam

Front 49

What was the bloodiest and largest all-Marine battle

Back 49

Battle of Iwo Jima

Front 50

Which battle marked 1st combat test of new amphibious doctrine

Back 50

Battle of Guadalcanal

Front 51

What years did Archibald Henderson serve as Commodant

Back 51

1820-1859