1) Cal Poly Hcs 120 Midterm # 2

Front 1

macronutrients

Back 1

nutrients required in large amounts.

Front 2

micronutrients

Back 2

nutrients required in small quantities

Front 3

What are the essential elements?

Back 3

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Front 4

What are the Macronutrients?

Back 4

Nitrogen, phospherous, Potasium

Front 5

What are the Micronutrients?

Back 5

Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfer, Boron, Chlorine, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Zinc

Front 6

what are macronutrients?

Back 6

nutrients required in large amounts.

Front 7

what are micronutrients?

Back 7

nutrients required in small quantities

Front 8

What are the essential elements?

Back 8

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Front 9

What are the Macronutrients?

Back 9

Nitrogen, phospherous, Potasium

Front 10

What are the Micronutrients?

Back 10

Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfer, Boron, Chlorine, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Zinc

Front 11

The the essential elements are supplied to the plant mainly through _______ and ________.

Back 11

Air and Water

Front 12

The essential elements are converted into ___________ by photosynthesis.

Back 12

carbohydrates

Front 13

For the fertilizer label: 20-10-8

what do the numbers represent?

Back 13

20% N
10% P
8% K

Front 14

What does it mean for a nutrient to be mobile?

Back 14

a deficiency of a given nutrient effects the whole plant, both new and old leaves

Front 15

What does it mean for a nutrient to be immobile?

Back 15

a deficiency of a given nutrient effects only new leaf growth

Front 16

what is nitrogen responsible for in a plant?

Back 16

Plant growth and protein production, green color, shoot and root density, helps fight disease

Front 17

What happens when a plant is deprived of nitrogen?

Back 17

There is a yellowing of the leaves

Front 18

What is Phosphorous responsible for?

Back 18

root formation, rapid root establishment and maturation, stimulates fruit/seed production

Front 19

is nitrogen mobile or immobile?

Back 19

mobile

Front 20

is phosphorous mobile or immobile?

Back 20

immobile

Front 21

What happens when a plant is deprived of phosphorous (P)?

Back 21

Older leaves darker, chlorosis in leaf veins & chlorophyll containing cells

Front 22

What role does potassium (K) play in a plant?

Back 22

Increases cell wall structure, Increases vigor to fight off disease, promotes heat, cold, and wear tolerance

Front 23

is potassium (K) mobile or immobile?

Back 23

it is very mobile

Front 24

What happens to a plant when it is deficient of Potassium (K)?

Back 24

It becomes mottled chlorosis, tissue death near leaf margins and tips, leaf curl and blackening, aborted fruits and seeds

Front 25

_________ is the ability for a molecule to want to stick to other molecules.

Back 25

adhesion

Front 26

_________ is the ability for a molecule to want to stick to the same molecule

Back 26

cohesion

Front 27

________ is when a molecule of high concentration wants to go to an area of low concentration

Back 27

osmosis? diffusion? my professor says osmosis but my past teachers/professors have said diffusion.

Front 28

Water potential is based on _________ and ________.

Back 28

energy and position

Front 29

what is the only micronutrient that is mobile?

Back 29

magnesium

Front 30

adding salutes increases or reduces ψ?

Back 30

reduces

Front 31

What are the 5 classic PGRs?

Back 31

Auxin, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, ethylene, cytokinins

Front 32

Auxin is responsible for what four functions in a plant?

Back 32

Apical dominance, sink strength, reproductive growth and development, tropisms

Front 33

What plant functions are Gibberellic acids responsible for?

Back 33

Bolting, stimulate seed germination

Front 34

What plant functions are Abscisic acid (ABA) responsible for?

Back 34

Promotes seed dormancy, closure of stomata,

Front 35

What plant functions does Ethylene have in a plant?

Back 35

fruit ripening, leaf abscission, epinastic growth

Front 36

what plant functions do Cytocinnins have in a plant?

Back 36

cell division, and shoot development in tissue culture

Front 37

Parthenocarpic fruit refers to what kind of fruit?

Back 37

seedless fruit

Front 38

This type of fruit can continue to ripen even after being picked, resulting from ethylene in the fruit.

Back 38

climateric fruit

Front 39

This is a leaf response to ethylene where leaves curl downwards.

Back 39

epinasty

Front 40

In tissue culture the plant hormone _______ is used for root elongation

Back 40

Auxin

Front 41

Water always wants to travel to an area of more or less water potential?

Back 41

to a less (or more negative) water potential

Front 42

transpiration

Back 42

water loss thru leaves

Front 43

what environmental factors influence transpiration

Back 43

temperature: higher temp = higher transpiration
humidity: higher humid = lower transpiration
air current= more wind, more transpiration

Front 44

the transpiration rate will double for how many degree rise in temperature

Back 44

10 degrees

Front 45

why does transpiration increase when it is windy?

Back 45

wind will strip the boundary layer, which controls the amount of water loss

Front 46

how do plants CLOSE their stomatal openings?

Back 46

move potassium ions out of guard cell, and water follows it due to osmosis
-active transport (req. energy)``

Front 47

how do plants OPEN their stomatal openings?

Back 47

potassium ions move inside, water follows. causes stomates to open by turgor pressure``

Front 48

phloem loading

Back 48

active process in which sugar is moved to the sieve tube of the phloem for transportation```

Front 49

why is phloem loading an active process

Back 49

bc sugars are being moved from low concentration to high concentration

Front 50

aphids

Back 50

small insectes who eat phloem sap

Front 51

water potential

Back 51

the energy present due to its position.
water will move from any area of high concentration to low concentration

Front 52

diffusion

Back 52

random molecular movement into equal concentration

Front 53

osmosis

Back 53

movement of water from high concentration to low concentration through a membrane

Front 54

is osmosis a passive or active movement?

Back 54

passive

Front 55

bulk flow

Back 55

movement together in one direction due to pressure gradient

Front 56

absorption by roots

Back 56

water enters the root by osmosis
salt is higher in roots than soil so water will enter roots

Front 57

cohesion tension theory

Back 57

water will bond to itself and other substances

Front 58

is water being pushed or pulled through the plant

Back 58

both
root pressure: push
transpiration: pull

Front 59

what is the driving force of water movement

Back 59

transpiration by leaves
as the plant transpires, it pulls more water up

Front 60

do plants have determinate or indeterminate growth?

Back 60

indeterminate

Front 61

are plant organs determinate or indeterminate

Back 61

determinate

Front 62

propagation

Back 62

human intervention in cross a plant

Front 63

haploid

Back 63

getting the same amount of eggs from the father and mother

Front 64

diploid

Back 64

contain two sets of chromosomes

Front 65

what is a monocarp

Back 65

a plant that blooms once and then dies
-may take several years to bloom

Front 66

the plant hormone _________ is used for shoot elongation

Back 66

Cytocinnins

Front 67

disadvantage of sexual propagation

Back 67

must have a male (relies on pollination & fertilization)
out breeding may destroy well adapted varieties
each plant may be different from parent

Front 68

what 3 factors inhibit germination

Back 68

physical (seed coat)
physiological (embryo)
environment

Front 69

T/F: the plant needs precise nutrients in the soil to germinate

Back 69

false.
nutrients are usually not needed because the seed has food reserves

Front 70

medium

Back 70

any material used for rooting or potting plants

Front 71

advantages of sexual reproduction

Back 71

maintains genetic adversity, which gives the plant the ability to adapt to new and changing environments
not as much invested in each plant
seeds are well protected from environment

Front 72

advantages of asexual propagation

Back 72

genetically identical
don't need a mate
size

Front 73

disadvantages of asexual propagation

Back 73

lack of diversity
disease
storage
labor

Front 74

totipotency

Back 74

every cell in a plant has the ability to reproduce the entire plant

Front 75

factos influencing grafting

Back 75

compatibility of stock and scion
environmental factors
condition of stock plant
condition of scion plant

Front 76

apomixis

Back 76

embryo development without fertilization
-formation of seed without union of egg and pollen

Front 77

callus tissue

Back 77

undifferentiated cells tat can become whatever you want them to be, depending on how you treat them

Front 78

stages in tissue culture

Back 78

establishment
proliferation
pretransplant
transplant

Front 79

apical dominance

Back 79

apicals have more auxin which suppresses the growth of the lateral buds

Front 80

sink strength

Back 80

the pull of what would cause the sugar to end going to one structure vs. another

Front 81

gravitropism & auxin

Back 81

when the root is tipped, auxin levels will be higher on the bottom and it will suppress the growth of the cells on the bottom

Front 82

phototropism

Back 82

plants response to unilateral light, which means the plant has more light coming from one side

Front 83

phototropism & auxin

Back 83

higher auxin levels will help on the dark side of the plant, and promote cell growth towards the light

Front 84

Gibberellic Acids (GA's) & bolting

Back 84

high rate of internode elongation, and results in flowering

Front 85

Abscisic Acid (ABA)

Back 85

responsible for stomatal closing
produced in the roots, transported to the leaves

Front 86

Ethylene

Back 86

Plant growth regulator
causes abscission
only plant PGR that is a gas

Front 87

Cytokinins

Back 87

promotes cell division, natural shoot growth

Front 88

t/f: meristems usually have a lot of ctyokinins bc they are responsible for root growth

Back 88

false.
meristems usually have a lot of ctyokinins bc they are responsible for cell division

Front 89

what do anti GA's do? (Gibberellic Acids)

Back 89

help with limiting growth
ex/ lawn wont grow as fast

Front 90

how does auxin help fruit

Back 90

-auxin will help to thin the fruit to reduce competition
-if applied at the end of the fruiting season, auxin will help to keep the fruit on the tree longer

Front 91

what are the 2 things that GA will help with

Back 91

delayed aging, which helps to increase size
can change fruit shape

Front 92

what are the 2 things Ethylene helps with

Back 92

fruit abscission
fruit ripening

Front 93

what will a defoliant do to leaves

Back 93

will cause the leaves to fall of and die

Front 94

what are the 6 requirements of a growing medium

Back 94

light weight
inexpensive
easily managed
well-drained
weed and pest free
adequate nutrients

Front 95

4 inorganic compounds

Back 95

sand
vermiculite
perlite
rockwool

Front 96

3 organic compounds

Back 96

peat
wood residues
plant residues

Front 97

what is the benefits of organic compounds

Back 97

improve water retention
CEC

Front 98

what is the benefit of a coarse aggregate like sand and permiculite

Back 98

add drainage

Front 99

hydroponics

Back 99

cultivation of plants without soil

Front 100

T/F: hydroponics should have a low Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)

Back 100

true, because we want to control nutrients with the nutrient solution