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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Participatory Democracy
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A form of democracy in which individuals who are to be affected by a decision make the decision collectively.
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Philosopher’s common theme
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The constitution of a good, just and stable society requires the guidance of certain fundamental political principles
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Origins of Democracy
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Historical trends in European societies that lead to the emergence of the modern liberal democratic state.
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First recognizing of Democracy
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Ancient Greeks, Polis- city states, Golden age of Athens 5th BC. Plato, Aristotle.
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Second recognizing of Democracy
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Roman Empire, Republic was formed 200BC.
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Market Economy
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An economy that operates by voluntary exchange in a free market and is not planned or controlled by a central authority; a capitalistic economy.
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Core Idea of Liberalism
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The power and authority of government exist for the sake of the interests of the individuals governed.
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Liberal Democracy
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Stress rights and liberty of the individual; Rule by the people; Protection of individual rights and liberties; Majority rule must be limited; Protection of minority rights
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Social Democracy
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Equality is key; equal power between society and government; Wealthy have power over poor; Call for redistribution of wealth to promote equality; claim not democracy, democracy is rule of people
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People’s Democracy
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Communism, closer to original Greek democracy; Common people are working class; no democracy until gov rules in their interest; gov serves the interests of the working class
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"Consent of the Governed"
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political theory stating that a government's legitimacy and moral right to use state power are, or ought to be, derived from the people or society over which that power is exercised. This theory of consent is historically contrasted to the divine right of kings and has often been invoked against the legitimacy of colonialism.
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Liberalism
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ideas and theories of government that consider individual liberty to be the most important political goal. including extensive freedom of thought and speech, limitations on the power of governments, the rule of law, the free exchange of ideas, a market or mixed economy, and a transparent system of government
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Constitutional Federal Republic
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a state where the head of state and other officials are elected as representatives of the people, and must govern according to existing constitutional law that limits the government's power over citizens; an executive, legislative, and judicial powers are separated into distinct branches and the will of the majority of the population is tempered by protections for individual rights so that no individual or group has absolute power.
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Separation of Powers
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the state is divided into branches or estates, and each estate of the state has separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility. The normal division of estates is into the Executive, the Legislative, and the Judicial.
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Federalism
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United States, uses a system of government in which power is divided between a central government and the government of each state. A group of members are bound together with a governing representative head; also used to describe a system of the government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and states or provinces.
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“Tyranny of the Majority”
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a criticism of the scenario in which decisions made by a majority under that system would place that majority's
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Parliamentary System
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the executive branch is very dependent; There is no clear-cut separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches, leading to a differing set of checks and balances. They usually have a clear differentiation between the head of government and the head of state, with the head of government being the prime minister or premier, and the head of state often being an elected president or hereditary monarch; the prime minister and cabinet will exercise executive power on a day-to-day basis, actual authority will usually be bestowed in the head of state, giving them many codified reserve powers, providing some balance to these systems; Its easier to pass legislation; the main criticism is that the head of state is directly elected by the legislature
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Presidential system
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a system of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the term) separately from the legislature. The president does not propose bills but can veto them.
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Winner Take-All
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United States uses this system where votes going to a losing candidate are wasted, even if that candidate garners 49.9% of the vote.
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Unitary System
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marked by the embodiment of all governmental authority in a single, central government
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Proportional Representation
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representatives are elected from multi-seat districts in proportion to the number of votes received; that political parties or candidates will have the percent of legislative seats that reflects their public support.
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Two-Party System
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a form of party system where two major political parties dominate voting in nearly all elections. As a result, all, or nearly all, elected offices end up being held by candidates endorsed by one of the two major parties.
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Multi-Party System
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a system in which three or more political parties have the capacity to gain control of government separately or in coalition
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Reformation
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16th Century, Split begins within Christianity. Catholic supremacy is challenged and Protestant religions begin to take shape.
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Enlightenment
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18th Century, shift in intellectual thinking in Western Europe. Progress is now defined as a human accomplishment making the world better geared to serve humans. Became more critical of existing society and hostile to religion viewing it as holding them back.
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Natural Rights
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Life Liberty and Pursuit of Happiness
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Traditional Rights
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Life Liberty and pursuit of property
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Goal of Government
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Protect natural rights
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Popular sovereignty
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the belief that the legitimacy of the state is created by the will or consent of its people, who are the source of all political power. It is closely associated to the social contract philosophers, among whom are Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
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Executive Branch
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is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the state. contains the head of government, who is the head of this branch. Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, they ENFORE THE LAWS
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Judicial Branch
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Courts and judges; There are three separate court levels in this branch, District Courts, Court of Appeals, and the Supreme Court. The Constitution created the Supreme Court and gave the power of establishing other courts to the Congress. INTERPRET THE LAWS
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Legislature
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Congress, is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to create, amend and ratify laws. Is equal to, and independent of, the executive. Has the authority to raise taxes and adopt the budget and other money bills
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