Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
4 layers around heart |
fibrous pericardium parietal pericardium pericardial cavity visceral pericardium |
|
|
fibrous pericardium characteristics |
inelastic fibrous sac fused to central tendon of diaphragm phrenic nerve lies on surface |
|
|
parietal pericardium characteristics |
serous layer on surface of fibrous pericardium |
|
|
visceral pericardium characteristics |
also called epicardium
serous layer on heart surface- continuous with parietal pericardium of course |
|
|
pericardial cavity characteristics |
potential space between visceral and parietal layers normally only a few drops of fluid inside for lubrication |
|
|
what ways can pericardial cavity be negatively affected/in a poor state? |
adhesions: restricts heart movement, compromises cardiac function
pericarditis: inflamm of pericardium -> effusion of fluid into pericardial cavity and compression of heart
cardiac tamponade: extensive fluid in pericardial cavity, compresses heart |
|
|
define pericardiocentesis |
draining of fluid from pericardial cavity |
|
|
what forms the spaces of the pericardial sinuses? |
DURING EMBRYOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE PERICARDIAL CAVITY
|
|
|
what are the two pericardial sinuses and where are they located? |
transverse pericardial sinus: between the venous and arterial ends (use it to isolate ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk)
oblique pericardial sinus: as veins expand a reflection forms a pocket recess posterior to base of the heart |
|
|
surfaces of the heart |
anterior = sternocostal posterior = the base inferior = diaphragmatic |
|
|
grooves on the heart |
coronary sulcus: between atria and ventricles
anterior interventricular sulcus: position of septum ant intervent
post interventricular sulcus: diaphragmatic surface's interventric |
|
|
all the names for all the valves |
right atrioventricular valve, tricuspid
pulmonary semilunar valve
left atrioventricular valve, bicuspid, mitral
aortic semilunar valve |
|
|
which chambers does fossa/foramen ovale go between |
right and left atria |
|
|
the heart has a ____ surrounding the valves to anchor the myocardium and cusps of the valves
it's made of? how does current flow through? |
fibrous skeleton: dense fibrous CT
it insulates between the atria and ventricles except for the bundle of His which is allowed to go through |
|
|
arterial supply of the heart |
right coronary artery (in coronary sulcus), gives off the marginal artery (right margin of heart) and posterior interventricular a (in post interven sulcus)
left coronary a: splits quickly to circumflex a (meets with right coronary a on post surface) and anterior interventricular a = LAD (left anterior descending a) which meets with post interventric a |
|
|
venous drainage of heart? |
great cardiac v ant becomes coronary sinus where the posterior vein of left ventricle, middle cardiac vein and small cardiac vein (wraps ant like great card v) dump in RA
also anterior cardiac veins and smallest cardiac veins: these dump into whatever chamber, mostly RA, least in LV |
|
|
waht are the pairings of veins and arteries of the heart? |
coronary sinus dumps to right atrium
great cardiac : ant interventricular a post vein of LV : circumflex middle v : posterior interventric a small cardiac v : marginal a and right coronary a (goes up and around) |
|
|
conduction system of heart: the main nodes and the other thing. Where are they? How are they connected? |
SA: sinoatrial node- in the RA near SVC. The pacemaker.
AV: atrioventricular node- interatrial spetum, sup and med to coronary sinus opening
AV bundle: atrioventricular bundle; Bundle of His: starts at AV node and goes through the fibrous skeleton along membranous part of interventricular septum. Splits into left and right bundle branches for each ventricle and terminates as Purkinje fibers |
|
|
what autonomic innervation comes into the heart? |
postgang sympathetic fibers (cell bodies in symp chain) pregang parasymp (vagus nerve) |
|
|
what effect does symp and parasymp stimulation have on the heart? |
symp: increases HR, impulse conduction and force of contraction. Vasodilates coronary arteries
parasymp: decreases HR and force of contraction, constricts coronary aa |
|
|
what afferent innervation does the heart have?
visceral sensory? |
insensitive to touch, cutting, heat and cold
ischemia and accumulation of metabolic products stimulates pain endings in the myocardium-> aff pain fibers to cervical cardiac nerves to sympathetic trunks (T1 through T4 or T5 esp on the left side) which is why pain is felt on those dermatomes regions
baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in heart and aortic arch -> vagus -> brainstem |
|
|
what ausculation sites and what are you hearing? |
right 2nd: aortic semilunar left 2nd: pulmonary semilunar left lower sternum: tricuspid left 5th: bicuspid/mitral |
