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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Each unit of transfused platelets should raise the recipients count by how much |
5000 to 10000 / microliter |
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What count indicates the need for a platelet transfusion |
Less than 50,000 per microliter |
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List minimums for donor acceptability for HcT temperature pulse age blood pressure and vaccines |
HcT>38% Age=>16 Temp =<99.5F or 37.5C BP <180mmHg/100 Pulse 50-100 Tociods and attenuated vaccines are ok |
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How do septic transfusion reactions manifest |
High fevers, chills, hypotension, shock, nausea, diarrhea, renal failure and d i c |
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Taco is usually indicated by |
Coughing, cyanosis, difficulty breathing. transfusion Associated circulatory overload, |
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Using male donors for plasma helps to reduce which type of transfusion reaction |
T r a l i transfusion related acute lung injury |
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What is the cause of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions |
Chemokines released from leukocytes or patient antibodies directed towards the donor HLA antigens on leukocytes |
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DAT results in a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction |
Mixed Field |
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What should be done in the event a DAT is positive in a transfusion reaction investigation |
Elute the antibody from the rbc's and identify it |
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When does bilirubin Peak post transfusion |
527 hours it will be back to pretransfusion at 24 hours bilirubin is a marker for red blood cell hemolysis |
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Patients who receive more than one blood volume replacement often develop and require what |
They develop thrombocytopenia and require a platelet transfusion |
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What blood group system is often associated with delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction |
Kid JK A or B |
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Name some symptoms of a hemolytic transfusion reaction |
Fever, chills, flushing, neck and back pain, hypotension, nausea, dyspnea, shock, renal failure, d i c |
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Is Rh type significant transfusing ffp |
No! |
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How are a anaphylactic transfusion reactions distinguished from others? What IG class is involved? What type of RBC should be given? |
There will be no fever and a sudden reaction after only a few milliliters of blood are transfused. Class IGA. Washed red blood cells should be given |
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Platelet transfusions are most valuable for treating |
Functional platelet abnormalities |
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What product may be given with ABO incompatibility? Although it is not the Preferred Choice |
Cryoprecipitated AHF |
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How much is each unit of red blood cell expected to raise the hematocrit level |
3 or 5% per unit |
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Macroglobulinemia AKA waldenstrom syndrome is what |
An intravascular IGM monoclonal paraprotein. Relief is provided by plasma Exchange |
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Each unit of rbc's she'll increase hemoglobin levels by how much |
1.0 to 1.5 grams per deciliter |
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What technique can be used to help detect weak ABO sub groups |
Absorption and elution |
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Define elution |
The removal of antibodies from the red blood cell eluate it is the antibody product of an elution |
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What is the purpose of Auto adsorption |
To remove auto antibodies so allo antibodies can be detected |
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What two reagents are useful for removing IGG from red blood cells |
CDP and EGA. Chloroquine dies phosphate and EDTA glycine acid |
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What does the donath landsteiner test diagnose |
PCH paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria |
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What is the function of a neutralization study? What two components are needed |
To neutralize a plasma antibodies so it is inhibited from combining with the blood group system. Blood group soluble substances used or saliva urine or plasma |
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True or false c3d can be eluted from cells |
False |
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EDTA chelates what ion that also stops the complement Cascade |
Calcium |
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Cold reactive antibodies typically activate what |
Compliment a k a c 3D |
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What is the function of the ahg cones control cells |
They are IGG sensitized cells that react with anti IGG in the ahg reagent to demonstrate that ahg was added and not neutralized by insufficient Washings of the test before it was added |
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Ch, chido, antibodies are considered |
Insignificant |
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What IG class are Lewis antibodies in at what temperature do they react |
IGM, Saline suspension, room temperature |
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Antigen excess, such as a red blood cell suspension that is too heavy, will affect agglutination how? |
Maximal uptake of antibody RBC is not achieved. Which adversely affects agglutination, causing a weaker or a negative result |
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When multiple cross matches are performed and a single cross Match is incompatible, what are the most likely explanations |
The donor cells have a positive dat, or the patient has an antibody to a low incidence antigen |
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Who discovered the blood group system systems around 1900 |
Karl landsteiner |
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The Bombay phenotype naturally produces what antibody |
Anti- h |
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A major cross-match is testing what |
Compatibility between donor rbc's and patient serum |
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Discrepancies in the forward type are usually... |
Due to inactivation from a somatic mutation |
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What's a group of cells characteristically cause Mixed Field reactions |
A3 |
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How long is the out date on granulocytes |
24 hours |
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HLA antibodies are associated with what type of |
Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions and transfusion Associated acute lung injury |
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What blood product reduces the risk of HLA aloe immunization |
Leuko reduced rbc's. Reduce leukocytes to less than 5 x 10 to the 6th |
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What is the function of MHC, major histocompatibility complex |
Discriminating self from non-self, the class 1 and 2 HLA antigens |
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Do autologous donors require the same testing criteria as allergenic donors. How many hours must these donations be collected before surgery |
72 hours with a donation should be collected before surgery. The criteria are less stringent for a autologous donors |
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What is the product of choice for treating classic hemophilia a |
Factor 8 |
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The rosette test will detect a fetal maternal hemorrhage as small as |
10 mL |
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What is the formula to predict the estimated volume of a fetal maternal hemorrhage |
5000 ml x percent of fetal cells in Kleinhauer betke blood filter |
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True or false. A negative rose up fetal screen on an Rh negative female with an RH positive baby would require issuing one vial of rhogam |
True |
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Blood 4 Exchange transfusion should be |
Antigen negative, ABO compatible with mother and baby, less than 7 days old, CMV negative, hemoglobin s negative, irradiated |
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What does a positive dat on Cord Blood demonstrate |
Maternal antibody coating the baby's red blood cells, indicating hemolytic disease of the newborn |
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What is the Lily method |
Using optical density change of the amniotic fluid to determine severity of hemolytic disease of the newborn |
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On a blood smear what characterizes ABO hemolytic disease of the fetal newborn but not RH hemolytic disease of the fetal newborn |
Spherocytosis |
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ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn is usually seen in |
Newborns born to group O mothers |
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What antibody is associated with cold agglutination syndrome |
Anti I |
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Patients with infectious mononucleosis generally exhibit which antibody |
Anti i |
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What is the minimum number of platelets that should be found in a platelet apheresis, a single donor,? |
3.0 * 10 ^ 11 platelets |
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Which antigens are found on glycophorin a |
M&n |
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Explain shift to the left for the oxygen dissociation curve |
There is a decline in two, three DPG during RBC storage, causing hemoglobin to have a higher affinity for oxygen. Impairing its ability to deliver oxygen to the tissues |
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What PH level should be maintained for platelet storage |
6.2 or above |
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How often must temperatures be recorded if done manually |
Every 4 hours |
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Why is RBC Rejuvenation used |
To restore and enhance 2, 3 DPG and ATP levels |
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What test is the preferred screening method for detection of anti-hiv 1 |
Elisa -enzyme labeled immuno absorbent assay |
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What test must all blood donors blood be screened for |
Syphilis |
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What are the options for cleaning the donation site |
Chlorhexidine at 2% and 70% isopropyl alcohol or the PVP iodine complex |
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Define cryoprecipitate and its use |
Contains a minimum of 150 mg of fibrinogen concentrated in a small volume of plasma. Used for hypofibrinogenemia |
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Hypervolemia is characteristic of what type of a transfusion reactions |
Taco |
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What is the most common post transfusion hepatitis |
Hepatitis B |
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How is cryoprecipitate obtained |
By slowly thawing ffp at 1 to 6 degrees C. It is the fraction of plasma proteins that precipitate during this thaw |
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Define a direct exclusions in the case of paternity testing |
When a child has Gene that neither parent has then the father is directly excluded |
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AABB minimum standard for number of platelets in 90% of the platelet units is |
5.5 * 10 ^ 10 platelets |
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how are most blood group systems |
Autosomal codominant |
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HLA antibodies are formed in response |
Pregnancy, transfusion, transplantation, |
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Lewis antigens are best detected at what temperature |
At 37 degrees C because they are IGG. Although Louis a best agglutinates at room temperature |
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What would cause a discrepancy between the forward grouping and reverse grouping of a ABO type |
Cold Auto antibodies in the patient. They cause spontaneous agglutination and can cause typing problems. |
