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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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SMDP |
voters cast a single vote for a candidate in a single-member district voters place a X next to their chosen candidate |
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Alternative Vote |
Voters are required to rank at least one candidate in order of preference has to be an absolute majority |
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Bourda Count |
voters must use numbers to mark their preferences for all of the nominated candidates (numerically) |
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Two-round systems |
voters have a single vote voters choose their most preferred candidate voters vote for one candidate in each round of elections |
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Single Nontransferable Vote (SNTV) |
voters cast a single candidates-centered vote in a multimember district you can only vote once who every gets the most votes is elected |
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List PR |
voters vote for a party not a single candidate only in the closed list PR system you have to work your way up to the top Open list System they have the choice to vote for a candidate within a political party
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Single Transferable Vote (STV) |
voters must rank at least one candidate in order of preference place a number next to the name of the candidates, indicating whether they are the voters’ first choice, second, third, and so on
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Independent & Dependent |
- cast two votes, one in the single member district and the other in a PR district |
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SMDP |
is an electoral system in which individuals cast a single votes for a candidate in a single-member district. The candidate with the most votes is elected. candidate with the most votes is elected |
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Alternative Vote |
Used in single-member districts, is an electoral system in which voters mark their preferences by rank ordering the candidates if the candidates win a absolute majority in then they are immediately elected - If no candidate win the absolute majority, then the candidate with the lowest number of preference votes is eliminated (the electoral commission is what determines the reallocation votes) |
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Bourda Count |
is an candidate-centered electoral system used in either single- or in MOSTLY multimember districts in which votes must use numbers to mark their preferences for all of the nominated candidates. These preferences assigned a value using equal steps to reflect the voters’ preference ordering. These values are then summed and the candidates with the most valuable votes are/is selected reallocating the votes into a point system have to rank ALL of the candidates winner candidate must have |
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Two-round system |
has the potential for two round of elections. Candidates or parties are automatically elected in the first round if they obtain a specified level of votes, typically an absolute majority. Those candidates or parties that win the most votes in the second round are elected |
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Single Nontransferable Vote (SNTV) |
is a system in which voters cast a single candidate-centered vote in a mulitmember district. The candidates with the highest number of votes are elected are greater than one, more seats are up for grabs presented to the voter like a open list ballot they can vote for a specific candidate from the party versus just voting for a particular party |
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List PR |
Each party presents a list of candidates for a multimember district. Parties receive seats in proportion to their overall share of the votes they use a quota system or a divisor parties try to win a certain number of votes versus a highest percentage votes |
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Single Transferable Vote (STV) |
a preferential candidate-centered PR electoral system used in multimember districts. Candidates must surpass a specified quota of first-preference votes are immediately elected. In successive counts, votes from eliminated candidates and surplus votes from candidates are reallocated to the remaining candidates until all the seats are filled must win a quota to get a seat often time it is majority |
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Dependent |
is one in which the application of the proportional formula is dependent on the distribution of seats or votes produced by the majoritarian ***(Use subtraction) The percentage of SMDP and List PR cannot exceed the total percentage amount of seats |
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Independent |
seats of the parties are allocated in independent of one another you would count the seats from SMD tier and count the amount of seats collected in the PR tier and add those two tiers together is one in which the majoritarian and proportional components of the electoral system are implemented independently of one another ***(Use addition) |
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SMDP |
simplistic, easy for voters to understand only one representative is elected in each district create incentives for representatives to perform well in office electoral systems are associated with single-party majority governments accountabiltiy creates a two party system |
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Alternative Vote |
If the candidate wins the absolute majority then he/she is immediately elected candidate identifiability greater opportunity to express preferences lead to more sincere voting versus strategic voting |
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Bourda Count |
Tends to favor candidates with broadly based support rather than candidates who are supported by the majority tends to elect candidates that are close to the center of the distribution of citizens preferences encourages voters to engage in compromising and burying encourages consensus elects moderate candidates |
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Two-round systems |
gives voters more choice that they enjoy in SMDP systems voters have less incentive to behave strategically than they do in SMDP systems, because they have a second opportunity to affect the election outcome they create incentives for candidates to make it into the second round to look beyond their own electoral base, and reach compromises |
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Single Nontransferable Vote (SNTV) |
they tend to produce more proportional outcomes they improve the representations of smaller and minority ethnic groups improve minority represenations |
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List PR |
more accurate translation of votes to seats better able to represent democracies |
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Single Transferable Vote (STV) |
they provide voters with an opportunity to convey a lot of information about their preferences they rank order all of the candidates rather than simply voting yes or no to one of the candidates minimizes wasted votes does not require the existence of political parties creates incentives for candidates to appeal to groups outside their core set of supporters and campaign on broadly based centrist platforms cuts down on strategic voting, more moderate voting, lead to more sincere voting connected constituents |
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Dependent |
produces a proportionate outcome allows individuals to give their first vote to a constituency candidate from one party and to give their second vote to a different party if they wish |
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SMDP |
can produce extremely unrepresentative outcomes can produce unrepresentative outcomes at the national level a party that wins a significant % of the overall national vote to obtain very few legislative seats, because it fails to come first in many constituencies encourages individuals to votes strategically (viewed as a bad thing) rather than in accordance with their true preferences (two parties in the US, if you want the green party, they are not going to be elected, you are wasting your vote) they encourage the creation of ethnic or clan-based parties in countries in which ethnic groups and clans are regionally concentrated plurality |
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Alternative Vote |
If no candidate win the absolute majority, then the candidate with the lowest number of preference votes is eliminated complicated very costly |
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Bourda Count |
does not support those who have support of the majority of the votes a lot of strategic voting requires a very highly level electorate |
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Two-round systems |
impose significant costs on the electoral administration impose additional costs on individuals, who potentially have to vote twice produce disproportional translation of votes into seats hurts minority representation lower voter turnout |
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Single Nontransferable Vote (SNTV) |
they weaken political parties by creating incentives for intraparty fighting and factionalization candidates are competing against candidates in other parties as well as candidates in their own party candidates can guarantee their own election with a specific percentage of votes encourages clientelistic behavior and the development of patronage systems, voting buying candidates target electoral bribes from interest groups tend to favor both incumbent and well-organized parties candidates have fewer incentives to build broad based coalitions because their elections do not depend on the transfer of any preference votes from other parties or candidates Extremist groups |
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List PR |
not easy to identify who is responsible for policies tend to produce coalition government |
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Single Transferable Vote (STV) |
produced disproportional outcomes 2000 Election Race Gore got zero seats, even though he had gotten weaken internal unity in parties hard to operate in large parties |
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SMDP |
(electoral system used in) - United Kingdom, Belize, Canada, India, Nepal, Nigeria, Trinidad and Tobago, Malawi, Kenya, and the United States |
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Alternative Vote |
(electoral system used in) New South Wales Australia, Fiji, Papa New Guinea, Bosnia |
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Bourda Count |
(electoral system used in) Balkans, Northern Island, Katirbati, |
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Two-round systems |
(electoral system used in) - France, Mali, most Latin American countries, Central African Republic, Comoros, Haiti, Kyrgyzstan, and Ukraine |
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Single Nontransferable Vote (SNTV) |
- Japan, Helmand, Kandahar, Zabul, |
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List PR |
Lativa, Argentina, Bulgaria, Portugal, Turkey, Chile |
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Single Transferable Vote (STV) |
Australian Senate, Malta, Ireland |
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Independent |
- Madagascar, Turkey, Ukraine, Hungary |
