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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a dental pad? |
Replaced the upper incisors and canines in ruminants |
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What is the ruminant dental formula? |
2(I 0/4, C 0/0, PM 3/3, M 3/3) 32 |
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What is the rumen? |
Largest compartment that fills the left half of abdomen |
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What is eruction? |
Belching |
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What is rumenotomy? |
Surgical opening of rumen |
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What is a ruminal fistula? |
Permanent opening of rumen to outside of body |
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What is a reticulum? |
Most cranial compartment of stomach -honey comb appearance |
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What is commonly known as the Hardware Dz? |
Traumatic reticulitis |
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What is the omasum? |
Spherical compartment caudal to reticulum -book shape with muscle folds |
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What is the abomasum? |
-“true stomach” -ventral aspect of abdomen |
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What is RDA and LDA? |
-right displaced abomasum -left displaced abomasum |
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What is bloat? What’s the treatment? |
1. Excessive build up of gas in rumen and reticulum 2. Stomach tube or trocharization |
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What is a gastric groove? |
Suckling with head elevated, causes lips to close. -allows milk to go straight to abomasum |
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What is cud chewing? |
Regurgitation from reticulum followed by re-chewing and re-swallowing |
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What is the journey of food bolus of a ruminant? |
Oral cavity->esophagus ->reticulum/rumen->cud chewing->rumen->omasum ->abomasum->hind gut |
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What is the equine dental formula? |
2(I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 3-4/3, M 3/3) 40-42 |
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What are hypsodant teeth? |
Teeth that have deep crown and short root |
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What is floating teeth? |
Smoothing out teeth to prevent ulcers |
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What is Margo Plicata? |
Separate glandular and non glandular portion |
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What is EGUS |
Equine gastric ulcer syndrome |
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Does a horse have a gallbladder? |
No |
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How much of small intestines can be removed? |
1/3 of small intestines |
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What is a cecum? |
“Hind gut” -4 feet long |
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How long is the large colon? |
10-12 feet long |
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What is haustra? |
Small pouches in colon making up segments |
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What is the pathway of the equine large intestine? |
Right ventral colon->sternal flexure->left ventral colon ->pelvic flexure->left dorsal colon->diaphragmatic flexure ->right dorsal colon |
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What is the common cause of equine diarrhea? |
Equine salmonellosis |
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What is the most common colic? |
Pelvic flexure impaction |
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What is pelvic flexure impaction? |
Ventral colon takes 180 degree turn to dorsal colon |
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What is sand impaction colic? |
When the right dorsal colon and pelvic flexure gets impacted with sand |
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What is right dorsal displacement colic? |
When the right dorsal colon gets displaced and fills with gas |
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What is left dorsal displacement colic? |
Slips between kidney and spleen |
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What is colon torsion colic? |
Large intestines twists on itself |
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What is the most common site for venipuncture in equine? |
Jugular vein |
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What is brucellosis caused by? What are signs? Vaccine? Tx? |
1. Brucella abortus 2. Abortion, orchitis, infertility 3. Yes 4. Culled |
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What is IBR? What are signs? |
1. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis 2. Fever, nasal discharge, hyperemia of muzzle |
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What are clinical signs of foot and mouth disease? Is it zoonotic? Tx? |
1. Oral lesions, fever, foamy saliva, blisters on feet 2. Yes 3. Culled and area is quarantined |
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What is BVD? What are the signs? Vaccine? |
1. Bovine viral diarrhea 2. Mucosal erosions, infertility, scours 3. Modified live vaccine |
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What causes black leg? Clinical signs? Tx? |
1. Clostridium chauvoei 2. Sub-Q emphysema 3. AB, burn upper layer of soil |
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What is vesicular stomatitis? What are the signs? How is it transmitted? What’s the tx? |
1. Zoonotic virus that causes vesicles, erosions, ulcers of mouth, feet, utter 2. Pain, anorexia, ulcerations 3. Flies and mosquitoes 4. Quarantine, supportive care |
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What causes strangles? Clinical signs? Tx? |
1. Streptococcus equi: equine distemper 2. Nasal discharge, abscess on head/neck, lymphitis 3. Tx. Penicillin, isolation, IV fluids |
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What does West Nile virus do? Clinical signs? |
1. Multiplies and crosses to blood brain barrier 2. Muscle weakness, ataxic, head tilt, anorexia l, circling |
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What is EPM? What is the cause? Clinical signs? Tx? |
1. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis 2. Sarcocystis neurona 3. Ataxia, laying down 4. Anti-protozoal meds, AB |
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What causes pigeon fever? Clinical signs? Tx? |
1. Corynobacterium pseudotuberculosis 2. Swelling of pectorals 3. Lance abscess, isolate, AB |
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What is the common site for aneurysms in horses? What is it caused by? |
1. Cranial mesenteric artery 2. Strongylus vulgaris |
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What are the 5 stages of estrous cycle? |
1. Proestrus: beginning of follicle phase 2. Estrous: estrogen level peaks 3. Metestrus: female is no longer receptive to make 4. Diestrus: fertilization 5. Anestrus: quiet time |
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Dog and cat gestation period? |
60-63 days |
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Horse gestation period? |
330-335 days |
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Cow gestation period? |
280-285 days |
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Estrous cycle in cattle? |
Day 1: ovulation Day 2-4: rupture of follicle Day 5-18: diestrus Day 16: uterus looks for egg Day 19-20: increases estrogen Day 21: standing heat |
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Estrous cycle for horses? |
Day 0: ovulation Day 1-4: metestrus Day 5-12: diestrus Day 13: maternal recognition Day 13-15: fetus secretes ecg Day 15-21: estrous |
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What is foal heat? |
Go into estrous 9-20 days post partum |
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What is freeMartin? |
female calf born twin to male calf |
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Who are the hindgut fermenters |
Humans, pigs, horses |
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Who are the foregut fermenters |
Sheep, goats, cattle |
