Racial Identity In Toni Morrison's 'Recitatif'

Improved Essays
Toni Morrison’s only short story was “Recitatif.” She never reveals which character is white or black. The story explores the relationship between Twyla and Roberta, and their experiences based on their racial differences. By decoding each characters racial identity, we can then understand how race defines a person’s status in society. In analyzing the social cues such as culture, politics and economic signs, to identify the racial identity of Twyla and Roberta.
During the course of the narrative Twyla describes her on and off again relationship with Roberta. The girls first meet during their short stay at St. Bonnie’s, which was an orphanage, they both were 8 years old. Neither of the girls were real orphans, and because of this they were
…show more content…
With a name like Twyla most people would assume her to be black. From the story we know Twyla’s mother “danced all night long” (Morrison p. 131). She could arguably be a stripper, which is more of an occupation of a black woman. However, we could also argue that her mother could be white, which would be a possible occupation for a low class white woman. I believe Twyla to be white. These stereotypes are prevalent throughout the entire story, making it harder on the reader to determine the true racial identities of the girls. With Roberta, she is assumed to be black. Another possible clue given to us by Morrison, could be the fact that her last name is Fisk, which happens to be the name of a black university. Although we not able decide on the racial identities by their names, Morrison has left us other cultural …show more content…
They meet at the new food emporium that was built to accommodate the new IBM employees that lived in Annandale. Twyla is now married to a fireman and has one son. She decided to go to the new store to check it out, even though they live on a small budget. Roberta is also married to a widower who has four children, and works for IBM. They even have a Chinese chauffer. Twyla makes a seemingly racist comment saying, “Everything is so easy for them. They think they own the world” (p. 139). This seems like an out of place statement, especially is Roberta is black. Considering this is when America was finally being integrated. Not long after they find themselves on the opposite sides of the school integration struggle where both of their children were faced with, the new bussing system. Twyla’s son is now attending a better school and Roberta’s children, who were better off, are now attending school in a low class neighborhood. Roberta’s opposition to the bussing system and Twyla’s support for it, also makes the reader second guess the race of both women. This conflict between the two women, takes us back to a time where racism split the feminist movement during the 70s and 80s. If Roberta is indeed black, during this time, most people would think she would in fact be the white character and Twyla the black character. Twyla doesn’t seem like she is racist, which

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Roberta apologizes for the way she treated Twyla and for the lies she told. Roberta never could forgive herself, but Twyla did. The racial tensions prevail throughout this story…

    • 1548 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Twyla along with Roberta from an early age of eight comes from a tough situation where both of their parents are out of their lives for the most of their lives. Twyla comes from a mother that never stops “dancing” and when she does stop it’s to tell her that “they never washed their hair and they smelled funny” Twyla comes from a mother that is judgmental to others based on one’s appearance and race. The early sprout of racism is embedded in Twyla through her mother.…

    • 958 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Toni Morrison’s Songs of Solomon contains several twists and turns, she thrills us with her taste in Greek mythology and African-American folklore. This novel Songs of Solomon captures the real lifestyle of African-Americans back in the old days; the act of betrayal, love, trust, infidelity and most important self-recognition, identity, pride and acceptance. There are several theme of Songs of Solomon namely; Identity, History, Freedom, Racial Discrimination, Peace etc. Let’s briefly summarize the exquisite and exciting novel; Song of Solomon explores the quest for cultural and historical identity, it was created on the foundation of ancient African-American folktale about enslaved Africans whose desire were to escape slavery, then fly back…

    • 700 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In this short story, Toni Morrison takes on the roll of bringing racial stereotypes to light. Morrison’s goal was to get the readers to understand American Literature and the way that situations can define race as well as the words “black and white”. There are many books that do not explicitly say what the race of the main character is, however, the previous poster made the point that readers assume that the main character is always white. Although I can see how they might have thought that, I disagree.…

    • 358 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In “Recitatif” and Song of Solomon Twyla and Roberta and Milkman and Guitar friended each respective other in their early childhood years. As both friendships progress through their lives, the characters prove themselves “parallel on the one hand, yet opposite on the other” (Akers and Moore). In “Recitatif”, the mothers abandon their daughters in an orphanage early on but for opposite reasons. Twyla’s mother Mary abandons Twyla to “dance all night” whereas Roberta’s mother abandons Roberta due to her hospitalization (Morrison “Recitatif” 1). Morrison also sets up “Recitatif” so the characters are racially ambiguous, showing the characters’ oppositeness.…

    • 1015 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Toni Morrison is a highly decorated American author, who has received both the Pulitzer prize and the Nobel Prize for literature. Part of what makes her such a distinguished writer- especially in the black community- is her heavy stories that examine the black experience. Her stories focus around the black experience in America. These were stories that had hardly been examined in such a way, and never with such recognition. Her novels and presence stand out in a time period were far too many would overlook narratives like hers.…

    • 851 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    She says, “The Black female is assaulted in her tender years by all those common forces of nature at the same time that she is caught in the tripartite crossfire of masculine prejudice, white illogical hate and Black lack of power. The fact that the adult American Negro female emerges a formidable character is often met with amazement, distaste and even belligerence (272). “ She breaks down boundaries and becomes a streetcar…

    • 1000 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Clare and Gertrude know the advantages of being a white person in this setting; they want their children to also have these advantages as well as retaining the advantages for themselves. Clare and Gertrude know the great disparity between living as a white woman as opposed to a black woman. They know that success would be elusive if they did not pass. The African Americans who could not pass lived in constant fear of lynching and abuse.…

    • 437 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Dale Scarberry, the white quarterback, was only passing to the white receivers. As a result, the new black players weren’t blocking for their white teammates. The football team wasn’t playing together as a team. In both books, racism played a significant role in both girls…

    • 1697 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    According to the author Toni Morrison racism is considered a social concept that offers benefits (Morrison). Her writings in Recitatif is dedicated to all young girls not just the African American girls; however, she does explain the racial differences African Americans endure. In the beginning of the story Morrison introduces two young girls…

    • 381 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    There is a perception that being “black” is a bad quality, and because maureen possesses both wealth as well as a lighter complexion she is placed above everyone else. This is why “Black boys didn’t trip her in the halls; white boys didn’t stone her, white girls didn’t suck their teeth.... Black girls stepped aside” (Morrison 62). Using the words black boys and black girls enforces the notion that she is dissociated with her own race. In the end this becomes her identity as she believes she is above everyone a “ high yellow dream child” (Morrison…

    • 912 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Toni Morrison Beliefs

    • 198 Words
    • 1 Pages

    Over the course of this semester, I have been able to learn about the ideological and political beliefs that exist in Black America. When political thought is discussed in regards to African Americans, the coverage of the topic does not always extend to discuss the origins of our political language or the various types of ideologies that are present and utilized to formulate ideas and opinions. One of my favorite authors and political activists, Toni Morrison, has been able to use her natural understanding of America’s political perceptions to publish several novels that describe the trials and tribulations of African-Americans in a society that denies and violates Blackness with the use of honesty and eloquence. Racial identity, racism, and culture have always been the primary themes of Toni Morrison’s works.…

    • 198 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Though many a critic of texts finds debates pertinent towards authors’ meanings to be up for debate on a high level, one cannot ignore the pounding text agendas of Toni Morrison. Morrison touches on every means by which she is desirous for those works of hers to receive reading, besides every message of hers meant to be conveyed towards readers, using respect achieved from authoring and positing to reinforce every intention of hers. By way of every work of hers, both the fictional and the non-fictional, Morrison seeks to deconstruct African American common structures, and those of the United States of America, using many a narration which often disturbs as many a mirror that reflects every injustice on this actual earth. The work with which…

    • 1123 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Twyla confronts Roberta about the way Roberta acted when they saw each other in the restaurant years ago. Roberta says “you know how it was in those days: black-white.” She says this because at that time, blacks and white didn’t associate with each other. The next encounter is when Twyla sees Roberta picketing at the school, so Twyla decides to stop as well. The two get into an altercation once again about racial issues.…

    • 482 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Toni Morrison’s novel Song of Solomon is an examination of the importance of identity in African-American society and the effects of a name. The use of names and labels are to describe and symbolize people, places, and things, serving as a brief definition of the subject. Toni Morrison uses this definition to analyze the effects redefining or naming had on African-Americans heritage and culture after their emancipation. Forced into slavery, African Americans formed a slave culture, losing knowledge of their African heritage. Slavery’s abolition finally allowed African Americans the right to their own future, and the chance to define their culture and form a new identity.…

    • 1095 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays