The author assumes that his audience is very likely to have a negative attitude towards bilingualism. He mentions that he is aware of American common bilingual separatism: "general disdain of bilingualism and bilingual education..." (260). Hence, probably one of his most desired objectives is to change this attitude. Fallows is unwilling to adapt and stick to this perspective on bilingualism; he wants to convince American people that bilingualism is valuable. Moreover, the author assumes that his audience needs information on both American and non-American positions on the topic.…
Many Americans ascribe to the belief that America represents a “melting pot” of cultures. With so many differing cultures in this country, America would be expected to have a high bilingual population and large support for bilinguals’ rights. However, America is only about 20% bilingual (source). This low bilingual percentage accounts for Americans’ general lack of empathy for bilingual people and their rights. Two bilingual authors, Martin Espada and Richard Rodriguez, portray contrasting perspectives about the issue of bilingualism in America by addressing the meaning of bilingualism, bilingual education, and discrimination against bilinguals.…
Rodriguez has an alternative approach to the controversial topic of bilingualism. His opinion reflects a more practical, logical approach to bilingualism. When explaining his past experiences of English teachers in American classrooms, Rodriguez states “What they understood was that I needed to speak a public language” (20). He expresses gratitude towards his previous instructors because he believes that “Fortunately, my teachers were unsentimental about their responsibility” (20). Their responsibility being to teach Rodriguez the public language of…
I choose auricles of “Let’s Not say Adios to Bilingual Education” by Rovira, and the article “California Republicans Vote to Restore “Bilingual Education” ”by Unz. Compare claim, evidence and audience, which makes them more useful. Firstly, I want to talk about claims of two articles. For article “Let’s Not say Adios to Bilingual Education”, the claim is about supports bilingual education.…
In this day in age we are all mutts mixed with various nationalities and roots. At some point in your life your culture doesn’t seem clear. You realize that you are from the United States but you don’t speak English instead you speak Spanish. When you start school you are different you are viewed from classmates as stupid since you go to bilingual classes; Finally you get out of bilingual classes and you feel intelligent and accomplished but now your Spanish starts fading away not on purpose but because your main language is English. Richard Rodriguez’s book Hunger of Memory depicts his own childhood being of Hispanic decent and details his educational experiences.…
Aside from the adjustment that she had to make when participating in extracurricular activities while maintaining her academic performance, there were a few things that she did when doing her work, that was different than the way we (mainstream American students) interacted with it. I will never forget her mini laptop looking translator! She used it a lot, especially in classes like biology and English, when a lot of the words that were being taught were not words frequently used amongst she and her peers. This translator helped her a lot because she was able to decode the meaning of words without having to constantly ask the people around her. She would type the word in English into the translator and in turn be given the definition of the…
Introduction Prior to the Bilingual Education Acts Prior to the Bilingual Education Act of 1968, the U.S. government had a change in attitude towards bilingualism and bilingual educations. At times, there was this permissive attitude that allowed teaching through the mother tongue acceptable. As long as it was within the jurisdiction of local towns and districts, schools were allowed to teach in the child’s native language. However, there were times in which higher authorities were strongly against languages other than the English. This hostile climate would culminate in the some of the nation’s most drastic changes in the public schools resulting in the reduction of any type of bilingual instruction offered by some states (Nieto, 2009).…
Even though one common language is important in the connection of this country, the other languages must not go without value. Even though there seems to be a popular “American” culture, the other cultures and values must not go without consideration. All deserve fair representation and opportunities within the public schools as well as in everyday life. As Herschel T. Manual states, “We must courageously attack the difficult problems of building a united community and adjusting education to the needs of children who come to us with differences which challenge our best efforts” (Manuel 639). Through bilingual education, students can feel value in their native language and culture while simultaneously learning English.…
is so far behind in advancements academically and socially. Every other country encourages and supports bilingual education. In each claim and argument Rodriguez presents there are harmful consequences that the reader takes away from them. He believes that one’s native language and the public language are unable to coincide, not based on research or statistics, merely based on his own personal experience with not being able to handle the two. The takeaway from this belief is that there should only be one language in America, the public language.…
Bilingualism has recently become a major issue and a valuable one because in comparison with monolingualism it allows people to live between two worlds, two cultures, adopting the specific ways of thinking and feeling of the people they come into contact. To be bilingual involves more than speaking another language than your own, it is all about the inner significance of words apparently similar in two languages but deeply different, this is a major issue analysed by Anna Wierzbicka who strongly develops all the implications of this subject in the article Bilingual lives, bilingual experience. Firstly, as the name of the article suggests, to be bilingual would mean to split yourself between two different ways of life adopting the basic concepts…
During the previous two lectures, I feel that there was a lot of information to learn about the role of an SLP when working with culturally and linguistically diverse populations. For instance, I found it interesting when we were reviewing the history of Bilingual Education in the United States. To see the policies of the early 1900s and to see how they have changed to what they are now was very much ironic. For example, in 1998 Californians passed the Proposition 227 that mandated English only instruction. Recently however, Californians voted yes on Proposition 58 to establish language acquisition programs for both native and non-native English speakers.…
Imagine being locked in a room full of strangers for nine hours a day, without any means of communication, not understanding a word said, and yet being lectured and questioned on subjects essential to life. Having difficulty communicating with teachers is an everyday issue for thousands of students across the United States, and as the efficiency of the public school system is constantly under debate, the question of whether or not bilingual classrooms are an efficient method that improve the education of bilingual students. In “Aria: A Memoir of Bilingual Childhood,” a memoir written by Richard Rodriguez and published in his book Hunger of Memory in 1982, Rodriguez disagrees with the idea that by implementing bilingual classes, schools aide…
1. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, it seems to be a fact that bilingualism plays a vital role in worldwide education. It is due to the necessity of communication among people from all countries in the world so that as Madrid and Hughes (2011: 351) point out “there are more bilingual than monolingual citizens” and the number of bilingual people is going to increase considerably during the next years. Consequently, in the last few years there has been a growing interest in foreign language learning and teaching due to bilingual education has become understood as a real priority in schools around the world.…
The research done by Brice et.al, investigated phonological developmental processes in bilingual children, and bilingual adults. There have been many studies to support the importance of language development in the area of speech perception on both monolinguals and bilinguals and their differences in development. Although studies do exist they are not adequately representative of speech perception with bilinguals. This study will aid in the understanding of how bilinguals use two languages to perceive speech. The purpose of the research is to compare the speech perception of bilinguals in three categories, phonotactic construction, age or language, and developmental trends.…
The spread of English across the world have resulted in overtaking or replacing of other languages. In order to maintain the usage of these languages, many efforts were implemented. This was evident in Singapore where the overemphasis on English has led to children frequently using English at home thus decreasing the usage of their Mother Tongue languages (MT), such as Mandarin, Malay and Tamil (Bolton & Ng, 2014). Hence, Ministry of Education (MOE) implemented a MT approach, also known as Bilingual Education Policy (MOE, 1991 as cited by Shah & Yusof, 2006). In other countries, dual immersion programs were implemented.…