The first experiment that was performed was the oxidation of 9-fluorenol, which is the decrease of a molecule’s hydrogen content.6 The following chemicals were used in the experiment: 9-fluorenol, sodium hypochlorite (the oxidizing agent), sodium thiosulfate (the reducing agent), sodium bicarbonate, acetic acid, and acetone.3,6 To begin the experiment 9-fluorenol, acetone, acetic acid, and sodium hypochlorite were added in sulfate is added to remove excess water from the hexane layer that is collected using the separatory funnel.6 To determine the success of the experiment, percent yield was used to determine how much product was recovered, and Thin Layer Chromatography was used throughout the experiment to monitor the reaction process.6 The
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Based on the Thin Layer Chromatography results, my experiment was successful. Throughout the experiment, TLC was used to monitor the oxidation process, while the solution was being heated in the hot water bath.6 9-fluorenol is oxidized when the acetic acid transforms the hypochlorite into hypochlorous acid.6 A carbonyl is formed as a result of the hypochlorous acid acting as a nucleophile.6 The last TLC plate was used to identify and check the purity of my product by comparing Rf values.7 My TLC plate confirmed that my product was 9-fluor My percentage yield, however, was not successful. The calculated percentage was 207.2% with a product weight of 0.208 g. The cause of this result could be from not removing enough water using sodium sulfate. It could also be caused by a mistake made while separating the aqueous layer from the hexane layer in the separatory funnel. In conclusion, the margin of error from the percent recovery and the success of the TLC plates makes this experiment partially successful. The second experiment’s goal was to synthesize 9-fluorenone using hydroxylamine hydrochloride, sodium hydroxide, and ethanol.4,7 The synthesis starts with an acid-base reaction with sodium hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride salt.7 This results in the nitrogen of the hydroxyl amine becoming a nucleophile and attacking the carbonyl (the carbon is the electrophile).7 At the end of this experiment, it was
Based on the Thin Layer Chromatography results, my experiment was successful. Throughout the experiment, TLC was used to monitor the oxidation process, while the solution was being heated in the hot water bath.6 9-fluorenol is oxidized when the acetic acid transforms the hypochlorite into hypochlorous acid.6 A carbonyl is formed as a result of the hypochlorous acid acting as a nucleophile.6 The last TLC plate was used to identify and check the purity of my product by comparing Rf values.7 My TLC plate confirmed that my product was 9-fluor My percentage yield, however, was not successful. The calculated percentage was 207.2% with a product weight of 0.208 g. The cause of this result could be from not removing enough water using sodium sulfate. It could also be caused by a mistake made while separating the aqueous layer from the hexane layer in the separatory funnel. In conclusion, the margin of error from the percent recovery and the success of the TLC plates makes this experiment partially successful. The second experiment’s goal was to synthesize 9-fluorenone using hydroxylamine hydrochloride, sodium hydroxide, and ethanol.4,7 The synthesis starts with an acid-base reaction with sodium hydrochloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride salt.7 This results in the nitrogen of the hydroxyl amine becoming a nucleophile and attacking the carbonyl (the carbon is the electrophile).7 At the end of this experiment, it was