The Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals were known as “gunpowder empires”. Gunpowder Empires were empires that used modern warfare techniques with firearms to succeed in military conquest (The Gunpowder Empires, n.d.). All three empires were Islamic. The Ottomans were the first of the Islamic empires to be considered a gunpowder one (Gelvin, 2015). They used the largest canons of the time that could destroy walls, this aided their conquering of Constantinople. The Safavids learned of gunpowder technology from fighting the Ottomans, and used the knowledge to conquer the lands currently known as Iraq and Iran (The Gunpowder Empires: Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, n.d). The Mughals used firepower to control lands of modern day India, Pakistan, …show more content…
This western challenge did not fare well with China, but the Japanese would be the ones to adapt to it.
The Chinese were too traditional to accept change and new trade agreements with the west. Outside influence and internal problems of corruption, population growth, and peasant uprising led to problems in China (Duiker and Spielvogel, 2014). England wanted more trade opportunities with China, the English like their tea. With the British imperialistic ideals they began military campaigns against China and were successful. They opened the doors to more areas of trade with China. China then started to play politics against the British and opened up areas to other countries like America for trade. Soon internal corruption would lead to peasant uprisings. The lack of internal control and not modernizing itself opened China up for an Imperialism takeover of areas around it by European powers. China tried to modernize and change but was unsuccessful without intervention from outside …show more content…
On March 12, 1917, the Duma, legislative body, assembled and took control of Russia and by the 15th Tsar Nicholas II abdicated his rule (Duiker and Spielvogel, 2014). From that point a new political class of workers called the soviets formed. Under the lead of Lenin, his group called the Bolsheviks seized control of the soviets and began to remove capitalism from Russia by any means. On November 8th, Lenin became leader of the new soviet government of Russia (Duiker and Spielvogel, 2014). The Bolsheviks changed the name to The Communists, and a civil war between the Communists and Tsar Loyalists broke out from 1918 to 1921. The war finally ended when foreign powers from Japan, England, America, and France intervened. This intervention caused the Communists and Loyalists to unite in fear of foreign occupation. The Communists became the dominant