Relativism In Thomas Kuhn's Essay

Improved Essays
The book, structure of Scientific Revolutions, is one of the most famous books authored by Thomas Kuhn. He introduces a wide array of concepts within the essay that explains the course of scientific revolution in the world. However, the essay has received wide criticisms from other scholars especially for what they refer to as his ‘relativistic’ nature. To understand or take a position as to whether the arguments of his charges of relativism are valid, an understanding of the term is necessary, along with its relevance in his essay. As a result, this paper will examine Kuhn arguments to identify his response to the charges of relativism and to infer whether the response was any adequate or not.
The term ‘relativism’ refers to the view or belief
…show more content…
Kuhn states that the two ideas answer the charges as they relate to relativism and irrationality. Kuhn agrees that the charges of relativism may be right as applied to culture and development, however, in science, it is not. He states that his ideas of incommensurability could be explained further allowing for translations in between the different worldviews (202-203). Kuhn states that the other philosophers presents what could be referred to as “serious misconstruing” of his original theory as he adjusts it to allow for translators that facilitate transitions of paradigm (198). The translators understand the different in language, hence can explain the different worldviews with opposing paradigms, into a new language having all the anomalies and responses. The translations would play the role of persuasion and conversion especially for scientists and theorists helping them realize how the opposing paradigm may have solved some of the problems that may have seemed impossible to solve in their paradigm (202-203). Clearly, the patches in the theory of incommensurability were solved by the phenomenon or use of translators. The presence of meta-values that guide science is one of the main reasons why scientists may convert to new and opposing

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    The view of the world was altered through the Scientific Revolution’s intellectual developments. Ideas were proposed to Europeans offering a different way of understanding through logical thinking and scientific methods. Conflicts occurred due to the interference of philosophers’ theories and religion’s teachings. Although theology remained to be valued and well respected, the works of scientists during the sixteenth and seventeenth century were influenced by the authority of the church, as well as the support of political and religious leaders. In addition, the common lack of knowledge impacted passionate scientists throughout the era.…

    • 1041 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, there was an emergence of new fundamentals and a modernized view of the natural world. This period came to be established as the Scientific Revolution. Centered in Europe, the intellectual enrichment and advances involved: the merging of the concept of experimental observation and intricate mathematics. These modernized perspectives substituted some of the critical components of medieval thought, such as the tendency and reliance of speculation and authoritative documents. Although the fundamentals of the Scientific Revolution rigorously promoted organized research and stimulated scientific racism, the work of scientists was particularly affected by political and social factors. Scientific efforts were influenced by the consideration of religious interpretations, the concern of figures perceiving a threat to their power, and the perception of authoritative support.…

    • 1557 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Through this, Bush gives his readers an up-front understanding that these two views cannot work together. One adheres to one or the other, for they are not compatible with each other. With such a contrast to set the stage for his argument, Bush can move next to the tracing the rise of the Advancement throughout history. Beginning with the Christian foundations for science, Bush explain that scientist slowly moved away from its Christian foundations. Through giving the readers a look into the key figures of what would later be termed “the Advancement” by Bush, Bush does an excellent job at tracing the rise of the…

    • 1015 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Scientific Revolution Dbq

    • 1510 Words
    • 7 Pages

    For centuries, great minds have examined the debate of the Reformation, Scientific Advancement and Explorers between the 16th and 18th centuries. Many events occurred such as, The Heliocentric Theory which was first introduced by Nicholaus Copernicus. He believed that all the planets and stars did not revolve around the earth which is geocentric but instead around the sun. Later, in 1628, William Harvey discovered the function of the heart as a pump and the process in which blood circulates throughout our bodies. All of these events contribute to the idea that the Scientific Revolution impacted our world greatly and helped to advance our knowledge. Thus, The Scientific Revolution is the most important period of time because they changed the…

    • 1510 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In the 16th and 17th centuries, scientists began to question the long held theories of science. This new period, known as The Scientific Revolution, brought controversial opinions of political and social views. Scientists flourished with a variety of concepts, complex as the Three Laws of Motion, or as simple as the Heliocentric Model. Although we still follow these theories and support the studies of science today, life wasn’t that easy back then. Scientists were affected by many aspects of society such as church criticism, gender discrimination, and supportive leaders.…

    • 860 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Following the Renaissance and rise of humanism in Europe was the Scientific Revolution in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. While the Church was still reaffirming its power after its major struggle during the Protestant Reformation, people began to look for other paths of explanation that diverged from the divine. An elite appreciation for science and mathematics fueled this movement, but the scientific discoveries that sprung forth were closely monitored by those in power, namely the Catholic Church. The direction of scientific exploration was also controlled by existing societal values, restricting science to a rich man’s study, only for those who were seen as capable of pursuing it.…

    • 986 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Throughout the course of human history science and its’ discoveries have been constantly changing and advancing, you could even say it has been evolving. From the Ancient Greeks to modern day science and the understanding of nature it provides has grown as views have changed over time. One of the most significant changes is how scientific views changed between 1600 and 1871. Scientific views changed between 1600 and 1871 as they started to become less influenced by religion, scientists having different views and methods, and the impact of exploration on science.…

    • 1003 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    King Louis

    • 850 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Scientists throughout history have dedicated their time and livelihoods to discovering, asking, testing, working, and eventually answering questions of the world around them. Without them the world we know and love, complete with IPhones and super computers, could not exist. These men and woman did what they did for progress, no matter what age they were alive in. That being said, the atmosphere in the world of a scientist can direct them to, or from, progress. The scientific revolution, during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, was one of the periods of time where science flourished, and was supported and hindered by the atmosphere surrounding it. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, scientists’ work was greatly influenced…

    • 850 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Laudan’s work, Science and Values: The Aims of Science and Their Role in Scientific Debate, challenges Kuhn’s view of the abruptness of the scientific revolution and the irrationality of paradigm choice. Rather than disregard Kuhn’s view altogether, Laudan attempts to modify the theory of scientific revolution. From Laudan’s view, Kuhn did not give an accurate argument as to why large, abrupt changes occurred in science. Laudan takes on a two-step process in order to modify Kuhn’s view. This undertaking is taken up in Chapter 4, “Dissecting the Holistic Picture of Scientific…

    • 1911 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    3. Discuss one strength or limitation of Popper 's view of science and how it progresses and one strength or limitation of Kuhn 's…

    • 944 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The philosophical view of relativism states that the moral codes of a culture are all products of the society’s upbringing and that there is no moral code that is superior to another moral code because of the drastically different cultures each society possesses. Therefore, relativists believe it is intolerant of us to judge other cultural practices as immoral, unethical, or wrong. Opponents of relativism argue that if relativism were to be adopted, we would not be able to say the actions of another society is bad . Furthermore, if relativism were to be adopted, our belief of moral progress would…

    • 1327 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    fore 18th century, ignorance and superstition around the world. Along with the development of religion, scientists regarded scientific research as a part of Christianity. Therefore, most of the scholars are devoted Christian that aimed at disclosed the secrets of god. Robert Boyle and Isaac Newton are the sponsors of the scientific revolution and the significance scientist during the Enlightenment. This essay is to point out their contribution in science and discusses the influence to the mankind.…

    • 492 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    For example, the established monarchy was challenged as an irrational form of government and society questioned the benefit of a democratic form of government. Although all of these scientists faced their own set of challenges and/or religious ridicule, these men stood as the very embodiment of the Western Scientific Revolution. Telescopes, microscopes, barometers and thermometers were all inventions of the scientific revolution. These tools provided scientific advancements in observations, scientific innovation, and numerous achievements were made in both science and astronomy. The scientific method of observation was fashioned and refined as hypothesis, experimentation, analysis and conclusion led to important discoveries that consequently pave the way for modern scientific thought and new…

    • 493 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    At times he has been slightly ambiguous. His writings in the Structures of Scientific Revolutions have been understood to be very radical in their implications, especially his claim that proponents of opposing paradigms “live in different worlds” (Kuhn, 2012). This view met with very strong resistance within the scientific community, since at the time it was commonly held that one paradigm could be determined to be superior to another by a simple assessment of the evidence for each. In his 1969 postscript to the Structure of Scientific Revolutions Kuhn, proposed what appears to be a much milder version of his incommensurability thesis. He did however, say regarding the paradigm shifts, “I can see in their succession no coherent direction of ontological development” (Kuhn, 2012). This idea remains an uncomfortable one for many in the contemporary scientific community, who prefer to see their theories progressing toward some…

    • 794 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions” introduced Thomas Kuhn’s paradigm theory. Paradigms describe the scientific observations of a natural phenomenon or theory (Kuhn 2012, 41). Thomas Kuhn’s “Structure of Scientific Revolutions,” provides a philosophical look into the scientific process and an understanding of how theories change and progress over time. Paradigms help explain theories, concepts, and observations so they can be learned from (Kuhn 2012, 43). Kuhn himself defines paradigms by using two criteria: “Sufficiently unprecedented to attract and enduring group of adherents” and “they are open-ended, with plenty of problems for the “redefined group of practitioners to resolve (Kuhn, 2012, Introductory essay).” Under…

    • 1582 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays