Esophageal varices

Compare and contrast treatment options and nursing implications when caring for the patient with bleeding esophageal varices. When an esophageal varice begins to bleed, there is really only one treatment option or nursing implication and that is to stop the bleeding. This can be achieved in a few different ways, but it is important to note that if the bleeding isn’t controlled quickly, the result is often shock and death. One way an esophageal bleed is managed is with placing a rubber band around the bleeding veins during an EGD procedure. Also treatment with vasoactive medication such as Vasopressin can be effective depending on the size and severity of the bleed. Another option which we see the most during spontaneous and emergent bleeds…

Introduction Upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be manifested with hematemesis, melena or hematochezia. Acute bleeding due to gastroesophageal varices in cirrhotic patients is associated with higher morbidity, mortality rates as well as development of life-threatening complications. This bleeding significantly increase protein concentration in the bowel which results in increased ammonia production by colonic bacteria and precipitation of development of hepatic encephalopathy [1].…

Always consult a medical doctor or patient care specialist before using omeprazole capsules. (-- removed HTML --) Indications and Usage (-- removed HTML --) Omerprazole is indicated to treat esophageal diseases and stomach ulcers. It works by decreasing the acid which is being produced by the stomach. It relieves from symptoms such as heartburn, cough and swallowing problems. This drug helps in healing stomach and esophagus from the acid damage, further aids in preventing from ulcers and…

activities are less likely to be diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (Park, Gutchess, Meade, & Stine-Morrow, 2007). JW does have GERD, Barrett’s esophagus, and a hiatal hernia; he tries maintains a proper diet and takes medication which allows him to function most days without complaints. An actual nursing problem encountered by JW is, pain related to esophageal reflex and esophageal inflammation. Factors that may be contributing to this problems is his intake of caffeinated beverages,…

DISCUSSION Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer and sixth most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. . Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has recently become the focus of interest in an effort to prolong survival and reduce recurrence rates in patients with esophageal cancer. The objective of this study is to determine National cancer institute experience about the role of preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy for esophageal and gastro-esophageal carcinomas and…

where it becomes inflamed. The inflammation occurs when acid in the stomach flows backwards causing irritation in the esophagus. The lower esophageal sphincter also known as LES is affected by this disease. The LES is a ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. In normal digestion…

Barrett’s esophagus is a complication in the esophagus from a reflux disease predisposing patients to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a tumor in the esophagus that has increased up more than 7-fold over the past few decades. Since there has been such a significant increase in esophageal adenocarcinoma, the topic of endoscopic screening and surveillance for GERD and Barrett’s esophagus is being heavily debated. Barrett’s esophagus is a result of chronic gastro-esophageal…

chemicals" (p.876). These interactions lead to the production of "mucus, acid, enzymes, hormones, intrinsic factor, and gastroferrin" (p. 876). Normally, acid is produced when gastrin signals histamine to activate the histamine receptors (Huether & McCance, 2012). Acid is used to break down food, kill microorganisms, and "convert pepsinogen to pepsin" (p. 876). All of these normal reactions and interactions facilitate digestion. Alterations in this pathophysiology can lead to disruption in…

infections (B, C or B+D), alcoholic etiologies and lately non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (1). Around 50% of patients with cirrhosis have esophageal varices (EV), and one-third of all patients with varices will have variceal hemorrhage, representing an incidence of 5% and 15% in patients with small and large oesophageal varices, respectively (2). Esophageal varices are known to develop after increasing in hepatic venous pressure gradient to more than 10–12 mmHg (2, 3). Several methods…

Collaterals developing is the main pathophysiological event that leads to both variceal bleeding and encephalopathy. Almost 95% of the variceal bleeding is from gastro-esophageal varices with the mortality rate being between 10%-20%. The bleeding can be irregular with chances of re-bleeding in the first six weeks. Hepatic encephalopathy is due to the portosystemic collaterals enlarging and also some other liver disease. It happens in more than 50% of the patients who have cirrhosis.…