Gastrointestinal Alterations
As a clinician in is critical to differentiate between gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastritis. Many of the presenting symptoms may appear similar in nature. However, upon exploration of the historical details, an accurate diagnosis can be concluded. This paper will review the pathophysiology of normal gastric acid stimulation and production and the related alterations that occur with GERD, PUD, and gastritis. Additionally, the behavioral factor will be examined to gain a better understanding of its contribution to pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Pathophysiology
According to Huether and McCance (2012), gastric secretions are "stimulated by the hormone …show more content…
903). These catalytic substances stimulate "elevated gastrin levels, acid production, the death of mucosal cells, release of toxins, and inhibition of protective prostaglandins" (Huether & McCance, 2012, p. 904). The outcome of these caustic chemical reactions leads to a breakdown of the mucosa and development of ulcers.
Gastritis
Gastritis is an inflammatory process that affects the stomach (Huether & McCance, 2012). In gastritis, gastric acid stimulation and production are altered. The pathogenic changes result from acute exposure to drugs, chemicals or chronic processes related to degeneration or H. pylori bacteria (Huether & McCance, 2012). These agents lead to increased gastrin, hydrochloric acid levels, and atrophy (Huether & McCance, 2012). The presence of these chemicals disrupt the normal integrity, and protective barriers found the mucosal lining leading to adaptive and maladaptive responses.
Behavioral Factors: GERD, PUD, and
As a clinician in is critical to differentiate between gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastritis. Many of the presenting symptoms may appear similar in nature. However, upon exploration of the historical details, an accurate diagnosis can be concluded. This paper will review the pathophysiology of normal gastric acid stimulation and production and the related alterations that occur with GERD, PUD, and gastritis. Additionally, the behavioral factor will be examined to gain a better understanding of its contribution to pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Pathophysiology
According to Huether and McCance (2012), gastric secretions are "stimulated by the hormone …show more content…
903). These catalytic substances stimulate "elevated gastrin levels, acid production, the death of mucosal cells, release of toxins, and inhibition of protective prostaglandins" (Huether & McCance, 2012, p. 904). The outcome of these caustic chemical reactions leads to a breakdown of the mucosa and development of ulcers.
Gastritis
Gastritis is an inflammatory process that affects the stomach (Huether & McCance, 2012). In gastritis, gastric acid stimulation and production are altered. The pathogenic changes result from acute exposure to drugs, chemicals or chronic processes related to degeneration or H. pylori bacteria (Huether & McCance, 2012). These agents lead to increased gastrin, hydrochloric acid levels, and atrophy (Huether & McCance, 2012). The presence of these chemicals disrupt the normal integrity, and protective barriers found the mucosal lining leading to adaptive and maladaptive responses.
Behavioral Factors: GERD, PUD, and