Cardia

Gastrointestinal Alterations As a clinician in is critical to differentiate between gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastritis. Many of the presenting symptoms may appear similar in nature. However, upon exploration of the historical details, an accurate diagnosis can be concluded. This paper will review the pathophysiology of normal gastric acid stimulation and production and the related alterations that occur with GERD, PUD, and gastritis. Additionally, the behavioral factor will be examined to gain a better understanding of its contribution to pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Pathophysiology According to Huether and McCance (2012), gastric secretions are "stimulated by the hormone gastrin, paracrine pathways, acetylcholine, and chemicals" (p.876). These interactions lead to the production of "mucus, acid, enzymes, hormones, intrinsic factor, and gastroferrin" (p. 876). Normally, acid is produced when gastrin signals histamine to activate the histamine receptors (Huether & McCance, 2012). Acid is used to break down food, kill microorganisms, and "convert pepsinogen to pepsin" (p. 876). All of these normal reactions and interactions facilitate digestion. Alterations in this pathophysiology can lead to disruption in the integrity of the gastrointestinal lining leading to conditions such as GERD, PUD, and gastritis. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Alterations in the gastric acid…

The letters GERD stand for gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Basically it’s any disease caused by reflux of stomach of gastric contents into the esophagus. The classic symptom is heartburn. After eats one eats a few minutes to an hour they develop a burning sensation in their upper abdomen this burning could go all the way up behind the breast bone and into the throat, may have complaints of coughing or wheezing. They might get up at night with these symptoms. They may have swallowing…

Heartburn Heartburn is a burning pain that can happen in the throat or chest. It may also cause a bad taste in the mouth. Heartburn may feel worse in certain positions, such as lying down or bending over. This condition is caused by stomach acid that has gotten into the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach (esophagus). HOME CARE INSTRUCTIONS Diet • Follow a diet as recommended by your health care provider. This may involve avoiding foods and drinks such as: ○ Caffeine.…

Fundoplication Surgery can Eliminate Excessive Acid Reflux and Severe Heartburn When someone has suffered with acid-reflux, also known as GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease), or persistent heartburn, and changes in eating habits or medications have not resolved the symptoms, it is time to consult with a Glendora General Surgeon. If left untreated, acid-reflux and heartburn may lead to complications such as erosion of the esophageal, ulcers, tooth decay, narrowing or inflammation of the…

GERD: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is most commonly known as “heartburn”. It refers to the back flow of gastric or duodenal contents or both into the esophagus and past the lower esophageal sphincter, without associated belching or vomiting. The reflux of gastric contents causes acute epigastric pain, usually after a meal. Common causes are: food, alcohol, or cigarettes, hiatal hernia, increased abdominal pressure (such as with obesity or pregnancy), medications, nasogastric intubation for…

Stomach Conditions Gastroesophageal reflux: Stomach contents, including acid, can travel backward up the esophagus. There may be no symptoms, or reflux may cause heartburn or coughing. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): When symptoms of reflux become bothersome or occur frequently, they’re called GERD. Infrequently, GERD can cause serious problems of the esophagus. Dyspepsia: Another name for stomach upset or indigestion. Dyspepsia may be caused by almost any benign or serious condition…

I have chosen to write about gastroesophageal reflux disease which is also known as GERD. This disease is common in the United States and study has shown that there are over three million cases every year (MayoClinic). Gastroesophageal refers to the stomach and reflux means to return or back flow. The return of the stomachs contents back up into the esophagus which is why it's called gastroesophageal reflux. GERD is located at the end of the esophagus where it becomes inflamed. The inflammation…

Patel A, Asopa S, Tang A, Ohri S. Cardia surgery during pregnancy. Texas Heart Institute Journal/From The Texas Heart Institute Of St Luke’s Episcopal, Texas Children’s Hospital [serial online]. 2008;35(3):307-312. Available from: MEDLINE Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed January,2016 Standard cardiopulmonary bypass alone is a very delicate procedure which requires a focus on the part of the Operation's Team. Considering the dynamics of the procedure and unforeseen complications that may surface,…

One paper used 15 years of CARDIA data to examine the link between fast food restaurants and diets in adults aged 18-30. CARDIA data was pulled from the cities of Birmingham, Chicago, Minneapolis, and Oakland. It assessed trends in childhood obesity rates between the cities and their states, the frequency of fast food consumption from a yearly survey, the fruit and vegetable intake, and how close diets followed the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans by the USDA and Department of Health…

part of the intra-abdominal digestive area, the stomachs function is to release acids and enzymes for the chemical breakdown of food, mechanical digestion, the temporary storage of food and liquids, and emptying the contents into the small intestine. Muscles within the stomach contract to churn the food and mix it together with hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes pepsin, this breaks food down and then further more with enzymes gelatinase, gastric amylase and gastric lipase. The mucus that…