DNA repair

if we can repair abnormal genes—a unit which made up of DNA to determine some characteristics of an individual such as whether or not the individual will look alike to the parents, we will have a much lower risk of suffering from these diseases. • So, what is CRISPR/Cas9? According to Jennifer Doudna, a geneticist co-invented Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9, CRISPR is an immune system in bacteria allowing them to identify and destroy viral DNA. •…

C-terminal domain contains a significantly deep cleft, with a considerable area to enable the binding of the B-DNA. The overall domain itself is shaped almost like a cupped right hand where, in this case, α-helices on either side of the cleft form the thumb and fingers, while the β sheet forms the palm of the hand. Q3) What secondary structures make up the…

Normal cells can repair themselves if any part gets damaged . This process is known as DNA repair. If the damage is too bad, they will self slaughter- known as apoptosis. (1) The molecules in cancer cells decide whether a cell should repair itself or not .EX: “a protein called p53 normally checks to see if the genes can be repaired or whether the cell should die”, so basically it decides to repair itself. But many cancers have a wrong machine version of p53, so they don't repair themselves…

et al., 1987) CRISPR are sections of prokaryote DNA with short repeating sections of base sequences, interspaced by foreign Spacer DNA from exposure to a bacteriophage virus. (Marraffini and Sontheimer, 2010) CRISPR is a natural process that occurs in bacteria as a defence mechanism. Bacteriophages hunt and kill bacteria by inserting their genetic code into the bacteria. This kills the majority of bacteria, however, any survivors capture the Viral DNA which confers an immunity to the bacteria.…

macromolecules possible? What is the chemistry behind their three dimensional configuration? Chemistry inside the fundamental units Nucleic acids are the most important biopolymers because they encode all the information to make any living organism. DNA and RNA have nucleotides as primary structure. They are divided in two groups, purines and pyrimidines. Purines and pyrimidines are hetero-aromatic compounds in which nitrogen have been replace carbon in positions…

poor growth, and alopecia. These manifestations are presented as a result of defects in the body’s processing and function of Lamin A. Lamin A is an intermediate filament protein that regulates a diverse number of cellular functions, including DNA repair. Author’s Research Focus Kan Cao, author of Progeria: Racing the clock to help young patients with old hearts,…

Cloning Background information: Cloning is a process where the DNA is replicated. It is done by having the DNA of an organism, human or animal, is put into an egg whose DNA is removed and when the egg is stimulated, the egg starts to duplicate. The results would be DNA is which genetically similar to the original organism. Cloning can also be applied to cells. The first mammal that was cloned successfully from an adult cell was the sheep named Dolly in the year 1996 by Scottish scientists in the…

double the amount of organelles and begin its first growth, if the cell is bad then the tumor suppressor gene would slow down or stop the cycle to repair it, if it isn’t repairable then it would kill the cell. In a cancerous cell, during G1 it would do the same thing, however the tumor suppressor gene would be broken and can’t stop the cell cycle to repair the bad cell, therefore letting the cell continue…

DNA mutations are in other words DNA changes. Any changes in DNA can be from spontaneous mutation, in order to adapt to the continuous changing environment, or induced mutation, which it is caused from dangerous exposures such as to carcinogens or radiation. Moreover, three main steps a DNA chain goes through to build proteins are, DNA to mRNA (messenger deoxyribonucleic acid), and then the end result is protein. Furthermore, DNA changes, in which can occur in a single or multiple nucleotides on…

Mitochondria are organelles found in eukaryotes obtained through endosymbiosis with prokaryotes billions of years ago. They are organelles with their own DNA and outer and inner membrane and few organelles, because they lost many of their organelles to the Nuclear DNA of the eukaryotes which resulted them being dependent of the cell they live in This endosymbiosis is very crucial for eukaryotes survival since mitochondria produce the energy needed for the cell to survive through oxidative…