What´s Mitochondria

Mitochondria are organelles found in eukaryotes obtained through endosymbiosis with prokaryotes billions of years ago. They are organelles with their own DNA and outer and inner membrane and few organelles, because they lost many of their organelles to the Nuclear DNA of the eukaryotes which resulted them being dependent of the cell they live in
This endosymbiosis is very crucial for eukaryotes survival since mitochondria produce the energy needed for the cell to survive through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the electron transport chain (ETC). Mitochondria is the power house where the OXPHOS takes place. It is more exposed to the toxic products of this process, like the reactive oxygen species(ROS) than any other organelles in the cell, …show more content…
According to a study mtDNA mutation increase with age, and this mutation is involved in carcinogenesis. Our future population is at high risk to more disease caused by mtDNA mutation because millions of women are choosing, and are able to have children at a later age. Different types of haplogroup showed different types of mtDNA mutation across the globe, this mutation does affect many generations to come evolving independently. Mutation of mtDNA not only result in cancerous cell formation but makes it harder for forensic science to estimate age –at-death since the mtDNA are altered by mutation. One way to slow down the aging process due to ROS production in mitochondria is reducing the available calorie to the mitochondria ETC for the electrons. Dietary restriction by the nuclear DNA inhibits the accumulation of both form of mtDNA damage. This mtDNA mutation is the result of endosymbiosis, since mitochondria lost many of its organelles to the nuclear DNA, it can’t protect itself from the over production of ROS which results in mutation or control the calorie present to ETC to inhibit accumulation of