Alkyl

In the Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of norbornene, water and sulfuric acid were added to the C=C double bond to form norborneol. Sulfuric acid acted as a catalyst, where it was not consumed in the reaction and helped to propel the reaction forward, as it was vital in forming hydronium ion and breaking the double bond. Both the products endo-norborneol and exo-norborneol were synthesized; however regioselectivity and stereoselectivity played a role as to which product was more preferred and whether…

carbonyl group. Furthermore, an R' group and an alcohol group are then branched off of the carbonyl group to complete the carboxylic acid. On the other hand, the alcohol group has a hydroxyl group that is bonded to a R group. These R groups are actually alkyl groups that could be identical or different; designated by the prime symbols. To make an ester, the alcohol and carboxylic acid are heated together with an acid catalyst, sulfuric acid in our case. The hydroxyl group that is attached to the…

replaced by an alkyl group R'). Esters mainly result from the condensation (a reaction that produces water) of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. The process is called esterification. This reaction can be catalyzed by the presence of H+ ions. Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, is often used as a catalyst for this…

have one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by halogen atoms such as fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) and iodine (I) which are the elements in group 7 in periodic table. Halogenoalkanes have the general formula, RX, whereby R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl group and X is any of the halogen atom. Besides, halogenoalkanes can also be classified into three categories according to what is attached to the functional group such as primary, secondary and tertiary halogenoalkane. In experiment…

Hence, the more the number of alkyl group present with the double bond, more is the stability of the alkene. This happens due to the process of hyperconjugation. Example- Dehydrohalogenation of 2-Bromobutane When alkyl halides react with nucleophiles there is a continuous competition whether the elimination or substitution reaction will occur. This mainly depends upon a certain…

plausible conclusion because a reaction involving a tertiary alkyl halide will follow SN1 mechanism.…

AHHHH CHOO-DOEPHEDRINE Although, originally defined as the chemistry of biological structures, organic chemistry has since been redefined to refer specifically to organic (carbon based) molecules. The hydrocarbon is the very basic molecule of organic chemistry and by adding functional groups to the hydrocarbon we can manipulate the properties of the molecule. Through the manipulation of these organic compounds, organic chemistry can be used to chemically synthesise many products such as soaps,…

1o alkyl group, but hydroxide is a poor leaving group due to its negative charge. To make the alcohol a better leaving group it can be treated with HBr resulting in the formation of H2O+, which is an excellent leaving group allowing the reaction to take place. Next, we react it with H2SO4 for two purposes: to increase the amount of protonated alcohols present in the reaction mixture and to help tie up the water molecules generated in the reaction shifting the equilibrium in favor of the alkyl…

This experiment was performed in order to prepare the Grignard reagent from aryl or alkyl halides and demonstrate the principles of organometallic chemistry. The Grignard reagent was prepared via a radical mechanism. The Grignard reagent was then used to prepare a carboxylic acid from carbon dioxide, demonstrating its ability to create carbon-carbon bonds by acting as a strong nucleophile. As the R group of the Grignard reagent was unknown, molecular weight and melting point were then used to…

Since the industrial revolution fuels have been used for power. Fossil fuels are organic matter made from remains of flora and fauna which has been subjected to immense pressure and heat deep within the earth over millions of years. Now fuels such as petroleum are used to power vehicles such as cars airplanes and ships (Mitshibishi Heavy Industries, 2015). Fuels are products that are burned to release energy in the form of heat or power, fuels are made out of coal, oil, natural gas, and wood and…